UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015
OR
 
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number 000-23211

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 
 	 	 	
Delaware	 	03-0338873	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	
 	 	
25 Greens Hill Lane, Rutland, Vermont	 	05701	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (802) 775-0325

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):

Large accelerated filer	 	¨	  	Accelerated filer	 	x	
 	 	 	 	
Non-accelerated filer	 	¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	  	Smaller reporting company	 	¨	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of April 27, 2015:

Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share:	  	 	39,588,604	  	
Class B common stock, $0.01 par value per share:	  	 	988,200	  	

 

PART I.
 
ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	
CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)

 	  	March 31,
2015	 	  	December 31,
2014	 	
 	  	(Unaudited)	 	  	 	 	
ASSETS	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	 	
CURRENT ASSETS:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	3,057	  	  	$	2,205	  	
Restricted cash	  	 	—  	  	  	 	76	  	
Accounts receivable - trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,948 and $2,153, respectively	  	 	52,513	  	  	 	55,750	  	
Refundable income taxes	  	 	526	  	  	 	554	  	
Prepaid expenses	  	 	7,096	  	  	 	8,763	  	
Inventory	  	 	4,418	  	  	 	4,374	  	
Deferred income taxes	  	 	2,012	  	  	 	2,095	  	
Other current assets	  	 	3,407	  	  	 	4,852	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total current assets	 	 	73,029	  	 	 	78,669	  	
 	 	 	
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $748,496 and $736,839, respectively	 	 	404,453	  	 	 	414,542	  	
Goodwill	 	 	119,170	  	 	 	119,170	  	
Intangible assets, net	 	 	11,070	  	 	 	11,808	  	
Restricted assets	 	 	2,554	  	 	 	6,632	  	
Cost method investments	 	 	14,432	  	 	 	14,432	  	
Other non-current assets	 	 	29,696	  	 	 	24,542	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total assets	 	$	654,404	  	 	$	669,795	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
1

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)
(in thousands, except for share and per share data)

 	  	March 31,
2015	 	 	December 31,
2014	 	
 	  	(Unaudited)	 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	
CURRENT LIABILITIES:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current maturities of long-term debt and capital leases	  	$	1,457	  	 	$	1,656	  	
Accounts payable	  	 	39,410	  	 	 	48,518	  	
Accrued payroll and related expenses	  	 	4,136	  	 	 	6,289	  	
Accrued interest	  	 	4,945	  	 	 	11,094	  	
Current accrued capping, closure and post-closure costs	  	 	1,985	  	 	 	2,208	  	
Other accrued liabilities	  	 	16,200	  	 	 	16,667	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	 	 	68,133	  	 	 	86,432	  	
 	 	 	
Long-term debt and capital leases, less current portion	 	 	545,442	  	 	 	534,055	  	
Accrued capping, closure and post-closure costs, less current portion	 	 	38,609	  	 	 	37,621	  	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	6,948	  	 	 	7,080	  	
Other long-term liabilities	 	 	16,128	  	 	 	16,627	  	
 	 	 	
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Casella Waste Systems, Inc. stockholders’ deficit:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 39,588,000 and 39,587,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	 	 	396	  	 	 	396	  	
Class B common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 988,000 shares issued and outstanding, 10 votes per share, respectively	 	 	10	  	 	 	10	  	
Additional paid-in capital	 	 	341,429	  	 	 	340,773	  	
Accumulated deficit	 	 	(362,761	) 	 	 	(353,490	) 	
Accumulated other comprehensive income	 	 	24	  	 	 	58	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Casella Waste Systems, Inc. stockholders’ deficit	 	 	(20,902	) 	 	 	(12,253	) 	
Noncontrolling interests	 	 	46	  	 	 	233	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders’ deficit	 	 	(20,856	) 	 	 	(12,020	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	 	$	654,404	  	 	$	669,795	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
2

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except for per share data)

 	  	Three Months Ended
March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	 	2014	 	
Revenues	  	$	116,577	  	 	$	113,197	  	
 	 	 	
Operating expenses:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of operations	  	 	87,833	  	 	 	86,404	  	
General and administration	  	 	16,805	  	 	 	16,387	  	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	13,748	  	 	 	13,608	  	
Divestiture transactions	  	 	(4,935	) 	 	 	—  	  	
Development project charge	  	 	—  	  	 	 	1,440	  	
Severance and reorganization costs	  	 	—  	  	 	 	80	  	
Expense from divestiture, acquisition and financing costs	  	 	—  	  	 	 	10	  	
Gain on settlement of acquisition related contingent consideration	  	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,058	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	113,451	  	 	 	116,871	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	3,126	  	 	 	(3,674	) 	
 	 	 	
Other expense (income):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest income	 	 	(141	) 	 	 	(110	) 	
Interest expense	 	 	10,126	  	 	 	9,606	  	
Loss on debt extinguishment	 	 	521	  	 	 	—  	  	
Loss on derivative instruments	 	 	151	  	 	 	150	  	
Income from equity method investments	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(27	) 	
Loss on sale of equity method investment	 	 	—  	  	 	 	221	  	
Other income	 	 	(164	) 	 	 	(207	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other expense, net	 	 	10,493	  	 	 	9,633	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loss before income taxes	 	 	(7,367	) 	 	 	(13,307	) 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	596	  	 	 	303	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	 	 	(7,963	) 	 	 	(13,610	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	 	 	1,308	  	 	 	(187	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	 	$	(9,271	) 	 	$	(13,423	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted average common shares outstanding	 	 	40,417	  	 	 	39,909	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic and diluted earnings per common share	 	$	(0.23	) 	 	$	(0.34	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
3

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

 	  	Three Months Ended
March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	 	2014	 	
Net loss	  	$	(7,963	) 	 	$	(13,610	) 	
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized loss resulting from changes in fair value of marketable securities	  	 	(34	) 	 	 	(3	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	 	 	(34	) 	 	 	(3	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive loss	 	 	(7,997	) 	 	 	(13,613	) 	
 	 	 	
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	 	 	1,308	  	 	 	(187	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	 	$	(9,305	) 	 	$	(13,426	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
4

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

 	 	 	 	 	Casella Waste Systems, Inc. Stockholders’ Deficit	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Class A	 	 	Class B	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Accumulated	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Common Stock	 	 	Common Stock	 	 	Additional	 	 	 	 	 	Other	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Paid-In	 	 	Accumulated	 	 	Comprehensive	 	 	Noncontrolling	 	
 	 	Total	 	 	Shares	 	 	Amount	 	 	Shares	 	 	Amount	 	 	Capital	 	 	Deficit	 	 	Income	 	 	Interests	 	
Balance, December 31, 2014	 	$	(12,020	) 	 	 	39,587	  	 	$	396	  	 	 	988	  	 	$	10	  	 	$	340,773	  	 	$	(353,490	) 	 	$	58	  	 	$	233	  	
Net (loss) income	 	 	(7,963	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(9,271	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,308	  	
Other comprehensive loss	 	 	(34	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(34	) 	 	 	—  	  	
Issuances of Class A common stock	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
Stock-based compensation	 	 	660	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	660	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
Distribution to noncontrolling interest holder	 	 	(1,495	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,495	) 	
Other	 	 	(4	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(4	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, March 31, 2015	 	$	(20,856	) 	 	 	39,588	  	 	$	396	  	 	 	988	  	 	$	10	  	 	$	341,429	  	 	$	(362,761	) 	 	$	24	  	 	$	46	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
5

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

 	  	Three Months Ended
March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	 	2014	 	
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	  	$	(7,963	) 	 	$	(13,610	) 	
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	13,748	  	 	 	13,608	  	
Depletion of landfill operating lease obligations	  	 	1,690	  	 	 	1,992	  	
Interest accretion on landfill and environmental remediation liabilities	  	 	848	  	 	 	1,017	  	
Stock-based compensation	  	 	660	  	 	 	576	  	
Amortization of discount on long-term debt	  	 	80	  	 	 	62	  	
Divestiture transactions	  	 	(4,935	) 	 	 	—  	  	
Gain on sale of property and equipment	  	 	(46	) 	 	 	(185	) 	
Development project charge	  	 	—  	  	 	 	1,440	  	
Gain on settlement of acquisition related contingent consideration	  	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,058	) 	
Loss on debt extinguishment	  	 	521	  	 	 	—  	  	
Loss on derivative instruments	  	 	151	  	 	 	150	  	
Income from equity method investments	  	 	—  	  	 	 	(27	) 	
Loss on sale of equity method investment	  	 	—  	  	 	 	221	  	
Deferred income taxes	  	 	(49	) 	 	 	243	  	
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	  	 	3,237	  	 	 	3,764	  	
Accounts payable	  	 	(9,108	) 	 	 	(2,953	) 	
Prepaid expenses, inventories and other assets	  	 	4,341	  	 	 	1,743	  	
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	  	 	(8,870	) 	 	 	(5,622	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	 	 	(5,695	) 	 	 	1,361	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from settlement of contingent consideration	 	 	—  	  	 	 	214	  	
Acquisition related additions to property, plant and equipment	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(79	) 	
Additions to property, plant and equipment	 	 	(4,444	) 	 	 	(7,477	) 	
Payments on landfill operating lease contracts	 	 	(478	) 	 	 	(563	) 	
Payments related to investments	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(84	) 	
Proceeds from divestiture transactions	 	 	4,550	  	 	 	—  	  	
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	 	 	89	  	 	 	216	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	 	(283	) 	 	 	(7,773	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	 	 	197,591	  	 	 	47,860	  	
Principal payments on long-term debt	 	 	(186,500	) 	 	 	(41,250	) 	
Change in restricted cash	 	 	4,086	  	 	 	—  	  	
Payments of financing costs	 	 	(6,852	) 	 	 	(17	) 	
Distribution to noncontrolling interest holder	 	 	(1,495	) 	 	 	—  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by financing activities	 	 	6,830	  	 	 	6,593	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Discontinued Operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by investing activities	 	 	—  	  	 	 	86	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by discontinued operations	 	 	—  	  	 	 	86	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	852	  	 	 	267	  	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	 	 	2,205	  	 	 	2,695	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	 	$	3,057	  	 	$	2,962	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash paid during the period for:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest	 	$	15,336	  	 	$	14,959	  	
Income taxes, net of refunds	 	$	30	  	 	$	500	  	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
6

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except for per share data)
 
1.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION	
Casella Waste Systems, Inc. (“Parent”), and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “we”, “us” or “our”), is a regional, vertically-integrated solid waste services company that provides collection, transfer, disposal, landfill, landfill gas-to-energy, recycling and organics services in the northeastern United States. We market recyclable metals, aluminum, plastics, paper and corrugated cardboard, which have been processed at our recycling facilities, as well as recyclables purchased from third-parties. We manage our solid waste operations on a geographic basis through two regional operating segments, the Eastern and Western regions, each of which provides a full range of solid waste services, and our larger-scale recycling and commodity brokerage operations through our Recycling segment. Organics services, ancillary operations, industrial services, discontinued operations and earnings from equity method investees are included in our Other segment.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements, which include the accounts of the Parent, our wholly-owned subsidiaries and any partially owned entities over which we have a controlling financial interest, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Investments in entities in which we do not have a controlling financial interest are accounted for under either the equity method or the cost method of accounting, as appropriate. Our significant accounting policies are more fully discussed in Item 8 of our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended December 31, 2014, which was filed with the SEC on February 27, 2015.
Preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the accounting for and recognition and disclosure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information that we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with a high degree of precision given the available data, or simply cannot be readily calculated. In the opinion of management, these consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, which include normal recurring and nonrecurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2015 may not be indicative of the results for any other interim period or the entire fiscal year. The consolidated financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended December 31, 2014.
Subsequent Events
We have evaluated subsequent events or transactions that have occurred after the consolidated balance sheet date of March 31, 2015, but prior to the filing of the consolidated financial statements with the SEC on this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We have determined that, except as disclosed, there are no subsequent events that require disclosure in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
On April 7, 2015, JCP Investment Partnership, LP notified us of its intention to nominate Brett W. Frazier, James C. Pappas and Joseph B. Swinbank for election as directors at our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in opposition to the three candidates that will be recommended for election by our Board of Directors. According to the Schedule 13D filed with the SEC by JCP Investment Partnership, LP, JCP Investment Management, LLC, JCP Single-Asset Partnership, LP, JCP Investment Partners, LP, JCP Investment Holdings, LLC, JCP Investment Management, LLC and James C. Pappas (collectively, the “JCP Group”) on April 28, 2015, the JCP Group beneficially owns approximately 5.0% of our outstanding Class A common stock. On April 29, 2015, the JCP Group filed with the SEC soliciting material under Rule 14a-12 of the Exchange Act confirming its intention to file a preliminary proxy statement and an accompanying proxy card with the SEC to solicit votes for the election of the JCP Group’s slate of three director nominees to our Board of Directors, at our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
 
7

2.	ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS	
New Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption
Consolidation
In February 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update for the requirements of consolidation. The update provides changes to the analysis that an entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities because in certain situations deconsolidated financial statements are necessary to better analyze the reporting entity’s economic and operational results. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods with those reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, and we expect that it will have no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Extraordinary and Unusual Items
In January 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that eliminates the GAAP concept of extraordinary items. The update provides for the elimination of the requirements to consider whether an underlying event or transaction is extraordinary, but retains the presentation and disclosure guidance for items that are unusual in nature or occur infrequently and expands upon it to include items that are both unusual in nature and infrequently occurring. This guidance is effective prospectively or retrospectively for annual reporting periods, and interim periods with those reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, and we expect that this guidance will have no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standards update for the recognition of revenue, which supersedes existing revenue recognition requirements and most industry-specific guidance. The update provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2016 under either full or modified retrospective adoption. Early application is not permitted. We are currently assessing the potential impact this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting this standard.
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
Discontinued Operations
In April 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standards update for the requirements of reporting discontinued operations. The update provides that an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations once the component of an entity meets the held for sale criteria, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale only if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. The update also requires that additional disclosures about discontinued operations be made. This guidance is effective prospectively for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted, but only for disposals, or classifications as held for sale, that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued or available for issuance. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2015 and it did not impact our consolidated financial position or results of operations, but it may impact the presentation of, and disclosures in, our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
 
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3.	INTANGIBLE ASSETS	
Intangible assets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 consisted of the following:

 	  	Covenants
Not-to-Compete	 	  	Client Lists	 	  	Total	 	
Balance, March 31, 2015	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Intangible assets	  	$	17,313	  	  	$	16,065	  	  	$	33,378	  	
Less accumulated amortization	  	 	(15,879	) 	  	 	(6,429	) 	  	 	(22,308	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	$	1,434	  	 	$	9,636	  	 	$	11,070	  	

 	  	Covenants
Not-to-Compete	 	  	Client Lists	 	  	Total	 	
Balance, December 31, 2014	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Intangible assets	  	$	17,296	  	  	$	16,071	  	  	$	33,367	  	
Less accumulated amortization	  	 	(15,730	) 	  	 	(5,829	) 	  	 	(21,559	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	$	1,566	  	 	$	10,242	  	 	$	11,808	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Intangible amortization expense was $749 during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to $752 during the three months ended March 31, 2014.

Estimated Future Amortization Expense as of March 31, 2015:	 	 	 	 	
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2015	 	$	1,833	  	
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016	 	$	2,048	  	
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017	 	$	1,784	  	
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018	 	$	1,581	  	
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019	 	$	1,213	  	
Thereafter	 	$	2,611	  	
 
4.	ACCRUED FINAL CAPPING, CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE	
Accrued final capping, closure and post-closure costs include the current and non-current portion of costs associated with obligations for final capping, closure and post-closure of our landfills. We estimate our future final capping, closure and post-closure costs in order to determine the final capping, closure and post-closure expense per ton of waste placed into each landfill. The anticipated timeframe for paying these costs varies based on the remaining useful life of each landfill, as well as the duration of the post-closure monitoring period. The changes to accrued final capping, closure and post-closure liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

 	  	Three Months Ended
March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Beginning balance	  	$	39,829	  	  	$	46,326	  	
Obligations incurred	  	 	441	  	  	 	736	  	
Accretion expense	  	 	828	  	  	 	983	  	
Obligations settled (1)	  	 	(504	) 	  	 	(212	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Ending balance	 	$	40,594	  	 	$	47,833	  	

(1)	Includes amounts that are being processed through accounts payable as a part of our disbursement cycle.	
 
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5.	LONG-TERM DEBT	
Long-term debt and capital leases as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 consist of the following:

 	  	March 31,
2015	 	  	December 31,
2014	 	
Senior Secured Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Due February 2020; bearing interest at LIBOR plus 2.25%	  	$	83,120	  	  	$	—  	  	
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Due March 2016; bore interest at LIBOR plus 3.75%	  	 	—  	  	  	 	131,300	  	
Tax-Exempt Bonds:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
New York State Enviornmental Facilities Corporation Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2014; senior unsecured due December 2044 - fixed rate interest period through 2019, bearing interest at 3.75%	  	 	25,000	  	  	 	25,000	  	
Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-2; senior unsecured due January 2025 - fixed rate interest period through 2017, bearing interest at 6.25%	  	 	21,400	  	  	 	21,400	  	
Vermont Economic Development Authority Solid Waste Disposal Long-Term Revenue Bonds Series 2013; senior unsecured due April 2036 - fixed rate interest period through 2018, bearing interest at 4.75%	  	 	16,000	  	  	 	16,000	  	
Business Finance Authority of the State of New Hampshire Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2013; senior unsecured due April 2029 - fixed rate interest period through 2019, bearing interest at 4.00%	  	 	11,000	  	  	 	11,000	  	
Finance Authority of Maine Solid Wasete Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-1; letter of credit backed due January 2025 - variable rate interest period through 2017, bearing interest at SIFMA Index	  	 	3,600	  	  	 	3,600	  	
Other:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Capital leases maturing through April 2023, bearing interest at up to 7.70%	  	 	3,075	  	  	 	3,295	  	
Notes payable maturing through April 2017, bearing interest at up to 6.00%	  	 	418	  	  	 	435	  	
Senior Subordinated Notes:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Due February 2019; bearing interest at 7.75% (including unamortized discount of $1,714 and $1,319)	  	 	383,286	  	  	 	323,681	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	 	546,899	  	 	 	535,711	  	
Less—current maturities of long-term debt	 	 	1,457	  	 	 	1,656	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	$	545,442	  	 	$	534,055	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Financing Activities
In February 2015, we issued an additional $60,000 aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior subordinated notes due February 15, 2019 (“2019 Notes”). The additional 2019 Notes, which are fungible with and issued under the same indenture as the 2019 Notes of $325,000 previously issued, were issued at a discount of approximately $476 to be accreted over the remaining term of the 2019 Notes. On February 27, 2015, we used the net proceeds from this issuance, together with the initial borrowings under our new senior secured asset-based revolving credit and letter of credit facility (“ABL Facility”), to refinance our senior revolving credit and letter of credit facility that was due March 18, 2016 (“Senior Credit Facility”).
Our ABL Facility consists of a revolving credit facility with loans thereunder being available up to an aggregate principal amount of $190,000, subject to availability under a borrowing base formula as defined in the ABL Facility agreement. We have the right to request, at our discretion, an increase in the amount of loans under the ABL Facility by an aggregate amount of $100,000, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the ABL Facility agreement. Interest accrues at LIBOR plus between 1.75% and 2.50%, subject to the terms of the ABL Facility agreement and is set at LIBOR plus 2.25% as of March 31, 2015. The ABL Facility matures on February 26, 2020. If we fail to refinance the 2019 Notes on or before November 16, 2018, the maturity date for the ABL Facility shall be November 16, 2018. The ABL Facility is guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries.
The ABL Facility requires us to maintain a certain minimum consolidated EBITDA measured at the end of each fiscal quarter. Additionally, if borrowing availability does not meet certain thresholds as defined in the ABL Facility agreement, the ABL Facility requires us to meet additional financial ratio covenants, including, without limitation:
 
 	•	 	a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio; and	
 
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 	•	 	a maximum consolidated first lien funded debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio.	
An event of default under any of our debt agreements could permit some of our lenders, including the lenders under the ABL Facility, to declare all amounts borrowed from them to be immediately due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest, or, in the case of the ABL Facility, terminate the commitment to make further credit extensions thereunder, which could, in turn, trigger cross-defaults under other debt obligations. If we were unable to repay debt to our lenders, or were otherwise in default under any provision governing our outstanding debt obligations, our secured lenders could proceed against us and against the collateral securing that debt.
In conjunction with the refinancing of our Senior Credit Facility in February 2015, we were also required to settle an obligation associated with an interest rate derivative agreement held with a creditor to our Senior Credit Facility. In February 2015, we made a cash payment of $830 to settle our obligation associated with this interest rate swap.
Loss on Debt Extinguishment
As a result of the refinancing of the Senior Credit Facility, in the three months ended March 31, 2015 we recorded a charge of $521 as a loss on debt extinguishment related to the write-off of deferred financing costs in connection with changes to the borrowing capacity from the Senior Credit Facility to the ABL Facility. The remaining unamortized deferred financing costs of the Senior Credit Facility, along with fees paid to the creditor and third-party costs incurred for the ABL Facility, are to be amortized over the term of the ABL Facility.
 
6.	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES	
Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of our business and as a result of the extensive governmental regulation of the solid waste industry, we are subject to various judicial and administrative proceedings involving state and local agencies. In these proceedings, an agency may seek to impose fines or to revoke or deny renewal of an operating permit held by us. From time to time, we may also be subject to actions brought by special interest or other groups, adjacent landowners or residents in connection with the permitting and licensing of landfills and transfer stations, or alleging environmental damage or violations of the permits and licenses pursuant to which we operate. In addition, we have been named defendants in various claims and suits pending for alleged damages to persons and property, alleged violations of certain laws and alleged liabilities arising out of matters occurring during the ordinary operation of a waste management business.
In accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 450-20, we accrue for legal proceedings when losses become probable and reasonably estimable. As of the end of each applicable reporting period, we review each of our legal proceedings to determine whether it is probable, reasonably possible or remote that a liability has been incurred and, if it is at least reasonably possible, whether a range of loss can be reasonably estimated under the provisions of FASB ASC 450-20. In instances where we determine that a loss is probable and we can reasonably estimate a range of loss we may incur with respect to such a matter, we record an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes our best estimate of the possible loss. If we are able to reasonably estimate a range, but no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we record an accrual in the amount that is the low end of such range. When a loss is reasonably possible, but not probable, we will not record an accrual, but we will disclose our estimate of the possible range of loss where such estimate can be made in accordance with FASB ASC 450-20.
Greenwood Street Landfill, Worcester, Massachusetts
On July 2, 2014, we received a draft Administrative Consent Order with Penalty and Notice of Noncompliance (“Draft Order”) from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (“MADEP”) alleging that a subsidiary, NEWS of Worcester, LLC, had completed substantive closure of a portion of the Greenwood Street Landfill in Worcester, Massachusetts in 2010, at an elevation exceeding the applicable permit condition. While we neither admitted nor denied the allegations in the Draft Order, a final Administrative Consent Order with Penalty and Notice of Noncompliance was executed on March 20, 2015 (“Final Order”), and we agreed to pay a civil administrative penalty in a total amount of $172. MADEP agreed that $129 of that amount could be paid as a Supplemental Environmental Project for work being done by the Massachusetts Audubon Society at the Broad Meadow Brook Conservation Center & Wildlife Sanctuary in Worcester, Massachusetts, scheduled to be paid in full within a year of execution of the Final Order.
Environmental Remediation Liability
We are subject to liability for environmental damage, including personal injury and property damage, that our solid waste, recycling and power generation facilities may cause to neighboring property owners, particularly as a result of the contamination of drinking water sources or soil, possibly including damage resulting from conditions that existed before we
 
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acquired the facilities. We may also be subject to liability for similar claims arising from off-site environmental contamination caused by pollutants or hazardous substances if we or our predecessors arrange or arranged to transport, treat or dispose of those materials. The following matter represents our potential or outstanding material claim.
Potsdam Environmental Remediation Liability
On December 20, 2000, the State of New York Department of Environmental Conservation (“DEC”) issued an Order on Consent (“Order”) which named Waste-Stream, Inc. (“WSI”), our subsidiary, General Motors Corporation (“GM”) and Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation (“NiMo”) as Respondents. The Order required that the Respondents undertake certain work on a 25-acre scrap yard and solid waste transfer station owned by WSI in Potsdam, New York, including the preparation of a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (“Study”). A draft of the Study was submitted to the DEC in January 2009 (followed by a final report in May 2009). The Study estimated that the undiscounted costs associated with implementing the preferred remedies would be approximately $10,219. On February 28, 2011, the DEC issued a Proposed Remedial Action Plan for the site and accepted public comments on the proposed remedy through March 29, 2011. We submitted comments to the DEC on this matter. In April 2011, the DEC issued the final Record of Decision (“ROD”) for the site. The ROD was subsequently rescinded by the DEC for failure to respond to all submitted comments. The preliminary ROD, however, estimated that the present cost associated with implementing the preferred remedies would be approximately $12,130. The DEC issued the final ROD in June 2011 with proposed remedies consistent with its earlier ROD. An Order on Consent and Administrative Settlement naming WSI and NiMo as Respondents was executed by the Respondents and DEC with an effective date of October 25, 2013. It is unlikely that any significant expenditures relating to onsite remediation will be incurred until the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016. WSI is jointly and severally liable with the other Respondents for the total cost to remediate.
In September 2011, the DEC settled its environmental claim against the estate of the former GM (known as “Motors Liquidation Trust”) for future remediation costs relating to the WSI site for face value of $3,000. In addition, in November 2011 we settled our own claim against the Motors Liquidation Trust for face value of $100. These claims will be paid by GM in warrants to obtain stock of the reorganized GM. GM has issued warrants to us beginning in May 2013 and at this time there is no way to accurately estimate when the remainder of these claims will be paid. We have not assumed that any future proceeds from the sale of securities received in payment of these claims will reduce our exposure.
We have recorded an environmental remediation liability associated with the Potsdam site based on incurred costs to date and estimated costs to complete the remediation in other accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities. Our expenditures could be significantly higher if costs exceed estimates. We inflate the estimated costs in current dollars to the expected time of payment and discount the total cost to present value using a risk free interest rate of 1.7%. The changes to the environmental remediation liability associated with the Potsdam environmental remediation liability for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

 	  	Three Months Ended March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Beginning balance	  	$	5,142	  	  	$	5,421	  	
Accretion expense	  	 	20	  	  	 	34	  	
Obligations settled	  	 	—  	  	  	 	(26	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Ending balance	 	$	5,162	  	 	$	5,429	  	

7.	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	
Stock Based Compensation
Shares Available For Issuance
In the fiscal year ended April 30, 2007, we adopted the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (“2006 Plan”). The 2006 Plan was amended in the fiscal year ended April 30, 2010. Under the 2006 Plan, we may grant awards up to an aggregate amount of shares equal to the sum of: (i) 2,475 shares of Class A common stock (subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits and other similar events), plus (ii) such additional number of shares of Class A common stock as are currently subject to options granted under our 1993 Incentive Stock Option Plan, 1994 Non-statutory Stock Option Plan, 1996 Option Plan, and 1997 Stock Option Plan (“Prior Plans”), which are not actually issued under the Prior Plans because such options expire or
 
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otherwise result in shares not being issued. As of March 31, 2015, there were 495 Class A common stock equivalents available for future grant under the 2006 Plan, inclusive of additional Class A common stock equivalents that were previously issued under our terminated plans and have become available for grant because such awards expired or otherwise resulted in shares not being issued.
Stock Options
Options under the 2006 Plan are granted at a price equal to the prevailing fair market value of our Class A common stock at the date of grant. Generally, options granted have a term not to exceed ten years and vest over a one to four year period from the date of grant.
A summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2015 is as follows:

 	  	Stock Options	 	  	Weighted
Average
Exercise Price	 	  	Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (years)	 	  	Aggregate
Intrinsic Value	 	
Outstanding, December 31, 2014	  	 	1,380	  	  	$	7.70	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Granted	  	 	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Exercised	  	 	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Forfeited	  	 	(2	) 	  	$	13.00	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Outstanding, March 31, 2015	 	 	1,378	  	 	$	7.69	  	 	 	5.1	  	 	$	827	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Exercisable, March 31, 2015	 	 	855	  	 	$	9.57	  	 	 	3.0	  	 	$	356	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Expected to vest, March 31, 2015	 	 	1,377	  	 	$	7.69	  	 	 	5.1	  	 	$	826	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Stock-based compensation expense for stock options was $157 during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to $109 during the three months ended March 31, 2014.
As of March 31, 2015, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding stock options was $931, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.
Other Stock Awards
We grant restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance stock units under the 2006 Plan at a price equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock at the date of grant. Restricted stock awards granted to non-employee directors vest incrementally over a three year period beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant. Restricted stock units vest incrementally over an identified service period beginning on the grant date based on continued employment. Performance stock units vest on the third fiscal year-end following the grant date and are based on our attainment of a targeted average return on net assets as of the vesting date.
 
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A summary of restricted stock, restricted stock unit and performance stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2015 is as follows:

 	 	Restricted Stock,
Restricted Stock Units,
and Performance Stock
Units (1)	 	 	Weighted
Average
Grant Price	 	 	Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(years)	 	 	Aggregate Intrinsic
Value	 	
Outstanding, December 31, 2014	 	 	1,048	  	 	$	4.79	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Granted	 	 	556	  	 	$	4.18	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Class A Common Stock Vested	 	 	(3	) 	 	$	4.83	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forfeited	 	 	(31	) 	 	$	4.82	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Outstanding, March 31, 2015	 	 	1,570	  	 	$	4.57	  	 	 	1.8	  	 	$	1,469	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Expected to vest, March 31, 2015	 	 	1,092	  	 	$	4.47	  	 	 	2.1	  	 	$	1,136	  	

(1)	Performance stock units are included at the 100% attainment level. Attainment of maximum annual returns on net assets could result in the issuance of an additional 242 shares of Class A common stock.	
Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance stock units was $486 during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to $461 during the three months ended March 31, 2014.
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the total fair value of other stock awards vested was $12.
As of March 31, 2015, total unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding restricted stock and restricted stock units was $3,667, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.0 years. Maximum unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of March 31, 2015 related to outstanding performance stock units, and subject to the attainment of targeted maximum annual returns on net assets, was $2,483 to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.1 years. We do not expect to recognize any compensation expense as of March 31, 2015 related to outstanding performance stock units based on our expected attainment levels.
We also recorded $17 of stock-based compensation expense related to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to $5 during the three months ended March 31, 2014.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The change in the balance of accumulated other comprehensive income, which is included as a component of our stockholders’ deficit, for the three months ended March 31, 2015 is as follows:

 	  	Marketable
Securities	 	
Balance as of December 31, 2014	  	$	58	  	
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	  	 	(34	) 	
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	  	 	—  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	 	 	(34	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	
Balance as of March 31, 2015	 	$	24	  	

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8.	EARNINGS PER SHARE	
The following table sets forth the numerator and denominator used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”):

 	  	Three Months Ended
March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Numerator:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	  	$	(9,271	) 	  	$	(13,423	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Denominator:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Number of shares outstanding, end of period:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Class A common stock	 	 	39,588	  	 	 	39,053	  	
Class B common stock	 	 	988	  	 	 	988	  	
Unvested restricted stock	 	 	(159	) 	 	 	(130	) 	
Effect of weighted average shares outstanding during period	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(2	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Weighted average number of common shares used in basic and diluted EPS	 	 	40,417	  	 	 	39,909	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
As of March 31, 2015, there are 2,705 anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares not included in the diluted EPS calculation due to the net loss attributable to common stockholders.
 
9.	FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS	
We use a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, defined as inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
We use valuation techniques that maximize the use of market prices and observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. In measuring the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, we rely on market data or assumptions which we believe market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability.
Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value
Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted investments held in trust on deposit with various banks as collateral for our obligations relative to our landfill final capping, closure and post-closure costs, restricted cash reserved to finance certain capital projects in the State of New York, trade receivables, interest rate derivatives, trade payables and long-term debt. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables and trade payables approximate their respective fair values due to their short-term nature. The fair value of restricted investments held in trust and escrow accounts is included as restricted assets in the Level 1 tier below, along with restricted cash reserved for repayment of certain capital projects in the State of New York. The fair value of the interest rate derivative, included in the Level 2 tier below, is calculated based on the three month LIBOR yield curve that is observable at commonly quoted intervals for the full term of the interest rate swap, adjusted by the credit risk of us and our counter-party based on the observable credit default swap rate.
 
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As of March 31, 2015 our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis included the following:

 	 	Fair Value Measurement at March 31, 2015 Using:	 	
 	 	Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Restricted assets - capital projects	 	$	1,733	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	—  	  	
Restricted assets - landfill closure	 	 	821	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	2,554	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate derivative	 	$	—  	  	 	$	760	  	 	$	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As of December 31, 2014 our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis included the following:

 	 	Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2014 Using:	 	
 	 	Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Restricted assets - capital projects	 	$	5,819	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	—  	  	
Restricted assets - landfill closure	 	 	813	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	6,632	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate derivatives	 	$	—  	  	 	$	1,668	  	 	$	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fair Value of Debt
As of March 31, 2015, the fair value of our fixed rate debt, including our 2019 Notes, Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-2 (“FAME Bonds 2005R-2”), Vermont Economic Development Authority Solid Waste Disposal Long-Term Revenue Bonds Series 2013 (“Vermont Bonds”), New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bond Series 2014 (“New York Bonds”) and Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2013 issued by the Business Finance Authority of New Hampshire (“New Hampshire Bonds”) was approximately $460,322 and the carrying value was $458,400. The fair value of the 2019 Notes are considered to be Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is based off of a quoted market price in an active market. The fair value of the FAME Bonds 2005R-2, the Vermont Bonds, the New York Bonds and the New Hampshire Bonds is considered to be Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is determined using market approach pricing that utilizes pricing models and pricing systems, mathematical tools and judgment to determine the evaluated price for the security based on the market information of each of the bonds or securities with similar characteristics.
Although we have determined the estimated fair value amounts of the FAME Bonds 2005R-2, the Vermont Bonds, the New York Bonds and the New Hampshire Bonds using available market information and commonly accepted valuation methodologies, a change in available market information, and/or the use of different assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair values. These amounts have not been revalued, and current estimates of fair value could differ significantly from the amounts presented. As of March 31, 2015, the fair value of our ABL Facility approximated its carrying value of $83,120 based on current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, or Level 2 inputs. The carrying value of our remaining material variable rate debt, the Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-1, approximates fair value because the interest rate for the debt instrument is based on a market index that approximates current market rates for instruments with similar risk and maturities.
 
16

10.	OTHER ITEMS	
Development Project Charge
In the three months ended March 31, 2014, we recorded charges of $1,440 for deferred costs associated with a gas pipeline development project in Maine no longer deemed viable.
As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had no deferred costs associated with development projects included in other non-current assets within our consolidated balance sheets.
Gain on Settlement of Acquisition Related Contingent Consideration
In the three months ended March 31, 2014, we recovered a portion of the purchase price holdback amount we had previously paid and were relieved of any potential contingent consideration obligation associated with the acquisition of an industrial service management business. As a result, we recorded a $1,058 gain on settlement of acquisition related contingent consideration in the three months ended March 31, 2014.
 
11.	DIVESTITURE TRANSACTIONS	
Maine Energy
In the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013, we executed a purchase and sale agreement (“Agreement”) with the City of Biddeford, Maine, pursuant to which we agreed to sell the real property of Maine Energy Recovery Company, LP (“Maine Energy”) to the City of Biddeford. We agreed to sell Maine Energy for an undiscounted purchase consideration of $6,650, which is being paid to us in equal installments over twenty-one years. The transaction closed in November 2012. In December 2012, we ceased operations of the Maine Energy facility and initiated the decommissioning, demolition and site remediation process in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement. We have completed the demolition process, and are nearly completed with site remediation under the auspices and in accordance with work plans approved by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The time for completion of this project has been consensually extended by us and the City of Biddeford, and we expect to complete this project and transfer ownership of the real property to the City of Biddeford by summer 2015. In consideration of the fact that the project is substantially complete and based on incurred costs to date and estimates regarding the remaining costs to fulfill our obligation under the Agreement, we reversed a reserve of $1,157 of excess costs to complete the divestiture in the three months ended March 31, 2015. As of March 31, 2015, we have accrued $115 in other accrued liabilities for the estimated remaining costs to fulfill our obligation under the Agreement.
CARES and Related Transaction
Casella-Altela Regional Environmental Services, LLC (“CARES”) is a joint venture that owned and operated a water and leachate treatment facility for the natural gas drilling industry in Pennsylvania. Our joint venture partner in CARES is Altela, Inc. (“Altela”). As of March 31, 2015, our ownership interest in CARES was 51%. In accordance with FASB ASC 810-10-15, we consolidate the assets, liabilities and results of operations of CARES into our consolidated financial statements due to our controlling financial interest in the joint venture.
In the fiscal year ended April 30, 2014, we determined that assets of the CARES water treatment facility were no longer operational or were not operating within product performance parameters. As a result, we initiated a plan to abandon and shut down the operations of CARES. It was determined that the carrying value of the assets of CARES was no longer recoverable and, as a result, the carrying value of the asset group was assessed for impairment and impaired in the fiscal year ended April 30, 2014.
We executed a purchase and sale agreement on February 9, 2015 pursuant to which we and Altela agreed to sell certain assets of the CARES water treatment facility to an unrelated third-party. We sold these assets of CARES for purchase consideration of $3,500, resulting in a gain of $2,850 in the three months ended March 31, 2015, 49% of which was attributable to Altela, the noncontrolling interest holder. As of March 31, 2015, we were proceeding with dissolution of CARES in accordance with the CARES Limited Liability Company Agreement.
In connection with this transaction, we also sold certain of our equipment and real estate to the same buyer for total consideration of $1,050, resulting in a gain of $928 in the three months ended March 31, 2015.
 
17

12.	SEGMENT REPORTING	
We report selected information about operating segments in a manner consistent with that used for internal management reporting. We classify our solid waste operations on a geographic basis through regional operating segments. Revenues associated with our solid waste operations are derived mainly from collection, transfer, disposal, landfill, landfill gas-to-energy and recycling services in the northeastern United States. Our revenues in the Recycling segment are derived from municipalities and customers in the form of processing fees, tipping fees and commodity sales. Organics services, ancillary operations, major customer accounts, discontinued operations, and earnings from equity method investees are included in our Other segment.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2015

Segment	  	Outside
revenues	 	  	Inter-company
revenue	 	 	Depreciation and
amortization	 	  	Operating
income (loss)	 	 	Total assets	 	
Eastern	  	$	33,267	  	  	$	8,016	  	 	$	5,237	  	  	$	(485	) 	 	$	205,062	  	
Western	  	 	49,357	  	  	 	14,398	  	 	 	6,738	  	  	 	4,995	  	 	 	325,799	  	
Recycling	  	 	10,294	  	  	 	4	  	 	 	1,116	  	  	 	(2,010	) 	 	 	50,157	  	
Other	  	 	23,659	  	  	 	221	  	 	 	657	  	  	 	626	  	 	 	73,386	  	
Eliminations	  	 	—  	  	  	 	(22,639	) 	 	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	116,577	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	13,748	  	 	$	3,126	  	 	$	654,404	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014

Segment	  	Outside
revenues	 	  	Inter-company
revenue	 	 	Depreciation and
amortization	 	  	Operating
income (loss)	 	 	Total assets	 	
Eastern	  	$	31,338	  	  	$	8,588	  	 	$	5,329	  	  	$	(4,860	) 	 	$	200,137	  	
Western	  	 	48,739	  	  	 	15,384	  	 	 	6,524	  	  	 	2,603	  	 	 	340,862	  	
Recycling	  	 	10,361	  	  	 	(63	) 	 	 	1,066	  	  	 	(1,484	) 	 	 	49,519	  	
Other	  	 	22,759	  	  	 	504	  	 	 	689	  	  	 	67	  	 	 	69,920	  	
Eliminations	  	 	—  	  	  	 	(24,413	) 	 	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	113,197	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	13,608	  	 	$	(3,674	) 	 	$	660,438	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amounts of our total revenue attributable to services provided for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

 	  	Three Months Ended
March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Collection	  	$	53,456	  	  	$	52,543	  	
Disposal	  	 	27,637	  	  	 	24,075	  	
Power generation	  	 	2,047	  	  	 	3,349	  	
Processing	  	 	1,121	  	  	 	1,708	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Solid waste operations	 	 	84,261	  	 	 	81,675	  	
Organics	 	 	9,020	  	 	 	9,276	  	
Customer solutions	 	 	13,002	  	 	 	11,885	  	
Recycling	 	 	10,294	  	 	 	10,361	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	$	116,577	  	 	$	113,197	  	

13.	SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS	
Our 2019 Notes are guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally, by our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Parent is the issuer and a non-guarantor of the 2019 Notes and the Parent has no independent assets or operations. The information which follows presents the condensed consolidating financial position as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the consolidating results of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, and the condensed consolidating statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 of (a) the Parent company only, (b) the combined guarantors (“Guarantors”), each of which is 100% wholly-owned by the Parent, (c) the combined non-guarantors (“Non-Guarantors”), (d) eliminating entries and (e) the consolidated total.
 
18

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
AS OF MARCH 31, 2015
(in thousands)

ASSETS	 	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-
Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	 	Consolidated	 	
CURRENT ASSETS:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	2,441	  	 	$	223	  	 	$	393	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	3,057	  	
Accounts receivable - trade, net	 	 	392	  	 	 	52,047	  	 	 	74	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	52,513	  	
Refundable income taxes	 	 	526	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	526	  	
Prepaid expenses	 	 	2,139	  	 	 	4,955	  	 	 	2	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	7,096	  	
Inventory	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,418	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,418	  	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	2,012	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	2,012	  	
Other current assets	 	 	296	  	 	 	3,103	  	 	 	8	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	3,407	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	 	 	7,806	  	 	 	64,746	  	 	 	477	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	73,029	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property, plant and equipment, net	 	 	5,366	  	 	 	399,087	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	404,453	  	
Goodwill	 	 	—  	  	 	 	119,170	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	119,170	  	
Intangible assets, net	 	 	76	  	 	 	10,994	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	11,070	  	
Restricted assets	 	 	1,733	  	 	 	821	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	2,554	  	
Cost method investments	 	 	14,432	  	 	 	1,932	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,932	) 	 	 	14,432	  	
Investments in subsidiaries	 	 	(9,519	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	9,519	  	 	 	—  	  	
Other non-current assets	 	 	19,613	  	 	 	10,083	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	29,696	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	31,701	  	 	 	542,087	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	7,587	  	 	 	581,375	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Intercompany receivable	 	 	520,428	  	 	 	(483,467	) 	 	 	(38,893	) 	 	 	1,932	  	 	 	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	$	559,935	  	 	$	123,366	  	 	$	(38,416	) 	 	$	9,519	  	 	$	654,404	  	

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY	 	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-
Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	 	Consolidated	 	
CURRENT LIABILITIES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current maturities of long-term debt and capital leases	 	$	91	  	 	$	1,366	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	1,457	  	
Accounts payable	 	 	5,632	  	 	 	33,458	  	 	 	320	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	39,410	  	
Accrued payroll and related expenses	 	 	681	  	 	 	3,453	  	 	 	2	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,136	  	
Accrued interest	 	 	4,931	  	 	 	14	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,945	  	
Current accrued capping, closure and post-closure costs	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,982	  	 	 	3	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,985	  	
Other accrued liabilities	 	 	9,638	  	 	 	6,553	  	 	 	9	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	16,200	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	 	 	20,973	  	 	 	46,826	  	 	 	334	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	68,133	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term debt and capital leases, less current maturities	 	 	544,291	  	 	 	1,151	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	545,442	  	
Accrued capping, closure and post-closure costs, less current portion	 	 	—  	  	 	 	38,576	  	 	 	33	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	38,609	  	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	6,948	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	6,948	  	
Other long-term liabilities	 	 	8,625	  	 	 	7,424	  	 	 	79	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	16,128	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Casella Waste Systems, Inc. stockholders (deficit)’ equity	 	 	(20,902	) 	 	 	29,389	  	 	 	(38,908	) 	 	 	9,519	  	 	 	(20,902	) 	
Noncontrolling interests	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	46	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	46	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity	 	 	(20,902	) 	 	 	29,389	  	 	 	(38,862	) 	 	 	9,519	  	 	 	(20,856	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	$	559,935	  	 	$	123,366	  	 	$	(38,416	) 	 	$	9,519	  	 	$	654,404	  	

19

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2014
(in thousands)

ASSETS	 	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	 	Consolidated	 	
CURRENT ASSETS:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	1,596	  	 	$	253	  	 	$	356	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	2,205	  	
Restricted cash	 	 	—  	  	 	 	76	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	76	  	
Accounts receivable - trade, net	 	 	597	  	 	 	55,053	  	 	 	100	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	55,750	  	
Refundable income taxes	 	 	554	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	554	  	
Prepaid expenses	 	 	3,622	  	 	 	5,136	  	 	 	5	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	8,763	  	
Inventory	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,345	  	 	 	29	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,374	  	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	2,095	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	2,095	  	
Other current assets	 	 	296	  	 	 	4,549	  	 	 	7	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,852	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	 	 	8,760	  	 	 	69,412	  	 	 	497	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	78,669	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property, plant and equipment, net	 	 	5,049	  	 	 	408,843	  	 	 	650	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	414,542	  	
Goodwill	 	 	—  	  	 	 	119,170	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	119,170	  	
Intangible assets, net	 	 	98	  	 	 	11,710	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	11,808	  	
Restricted assets	 	 	5,819	  	 	 	813	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	6,632	  	
Cost method investments	 	 	14,432	  	 	 	1,932	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,932	) 	 	 	14,432	  	
Investments in subsidiaries	 	 	(9,888	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	9,888	  	 	 	—  	  	
Other non-current assets	 	 	14,611	  	 	 	9,931	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	24,542	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	30,121	  	 	 	552,399	  	 	 	650	  	 	 	7,956	  	 	 	591,126	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Intercompany receivable	 	 	537,228	  	 	 	(500,267	) 	 	 	(38,893	) 	 	 	1,932	  	 	 	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	$	576,109	  	 	$	121,544	  	 	$	(37,746	) 	 	$	9,888	  	 	$	669,795	  	

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY	 	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	 	Consolidated	 	
CURRENT LIABILITIES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current maturities of long-term debt and capital leases	 	$	89	  	 	$	1,567	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	1,656	  	
Accounts payable	 	 	17,953	  	 	 	30,040	  	 	 	525	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	48,518	  	
Accrued payroll and related expenses	 	 	1,536	  	 	 	4,751	  	 	 	2	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	6,289	  	
Accrued interest	 	 	11,083	  	 	 	11	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	11,094	  	
Current accrued capping, closure and post-closure costs	 	 	—  	  	 	 	2,205	  	 	 	3	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	2,208	  	
Other accrued liabilities	 	 	8,618	  	 	 	7,957	  	 	 	92	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	16,667	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	 	 	39,279	  	 	 	46,531	  	 	 	622	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	86,432	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term debt and capital leases, less current maturities	 	 	532,889	  	 	 	1,166	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	534,055	  	
Accrued capping, closure and post-closure costs, less current portion	 	 	—  	  	 	 	37,589	  	 	 	32	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	37,621	  	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	7,080	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	7,080	  	
Other long-term liabilities	 	 	9,114	  	 	 	7,433	  	 	 	80	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	16,627	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Casella Waste Systems, Inc. stockholders (deficit)’ equity	 	 	(12,253	) 	 	 	28,825	  	 	 	(38,713	) 	 	 	9,888	  	 	 	(12,253	) 	
Noncontrolling interests	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	233	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	233	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity	 	 	(12,253	) 	 	 	28,825	  	 	 	(38,480	) 	 	 	9,888	  	 	 	(12,020	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	$	576,109	  	 	$	121,544	  	 	$	(37,746	) 	 	$	9,888	  	 	$	669,795	  	

20

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2015
(in thousands)

 	  	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-
Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	 	Consolidated	 	
Revenues	  	$	—  	  	 	$	116,453	  	 	$	124	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	116,577	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating expenses:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of operations	  	 	(83	) 	 	 	87,679	  	 	 	237	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	87,833	  	
General and administration	  	 	(117	) 	 	 	16,938	  	 	 	(16	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	16,805	  	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	223	  	 	 	13,525	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	13,748	  	
Divestiture transactions	  	 	—  	  	 	 	(2,085	) 	 	 	(2,850	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(4,935	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	23	  	 	 	116,057	  	 	 	(2,629	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	113,451	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	(23	) 	 	 	396	  	 	 	2,753	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	3,126	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other expense (income), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest income	 	 	(47	) 	 	 	(94	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(141	) 	
Interest expense	 	 	9,988	  	 	 	53	  	 	 	85	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	10,126	  	
Loss on debt extinguishment	 	 	521	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	521	  	
(Income) loss on derivative instruments	 	 	151	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	151	  	
(Income) loss from consolidated entities	 	 	(1,924	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,924	  	 	 	—  	  	
Other income	 	 	(37	) 	 	 	(127	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(164	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other expense (income), net	 	 	8,652	  	 	 	(168	) 	 	 	85	  	 	 	1,924	  	 	 	10,493	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes	 	 	(8,675	) 	 	 	564	  	 	 	2,668	  	 	 	(1,924	) 	 	 	(7,367	) 	
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	 	 	596	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	596	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	 	 	(9,271	) 	 	 	564	  	 	 	2,668	  	 	 	(1,924	) 	 	 	(7,963	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,308	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,308	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	 	$	(9,271	) 	 	$	564	  	 	$	1,360	  	 	$	(1,924	) 	 	$	(9,271	) 	

21

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2014
(in thousands)

 	 	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-
Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	 	Consolidated	 	
Revenues	 	$	—  	  	 	$	112,933	  	 	$	264	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	113,197	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of operations	 	 	(44	) 	 	 	86,002	  	 	 	446	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	86,404	  	
General and administration	 	 	1,007	  	 	 	15,375	  	 	 	5	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	16,387	  	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	266	  	 	 	13,146	  	 	 	196	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	13,608	  	
Development project charge	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,440	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,440	  	
Severance and reorganization costs	 	 	—  	  	 	 	80	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	80	  	
Expense from divestiture, acquisition and financing costs	 	 	—  	  	 	 	10	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	10	  	
Gain on settlement of acquisition related contingent consideration	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,058	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,058	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	1,229	  	 	 	114,995	  	 	 	647	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	116,871	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	(1,229	) 	 	 	(2,062	) 	 	 	(383	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(3,674	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other expense (income), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest income	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	(108	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(110	) 	
Interest expense	 	 	9,580	  	 	 	26	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	9,606	  	
(Income) loss on derivative instruments	 	 	150	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	150	  	
(Income) loss from equity method investments	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(27	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(27	) 	
(Gain) loss on sale of equity method investment	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	221	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	221	  	
(Income) loss from consolidated entities	 	 	2,173	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(2,173	) 	 	 	—  	  	
Other income	 	 	(10	) 	 	 	(197	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(207	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other expense (income), net	 	 	11,891	  	 	 	(306	) 	 	 	221	  	 	 	(2,173	) 	 	 	9,633	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes	 	 	(13,120	) 	 	 	(1,756	) 	 	 	(604	) 	 	 	2,173	  	 	 	(13,307	) 	
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	 	 	303	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	303	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	 	 	(13,423	) 	 	 	(1,756	) 	 	 	(604	) 	 	 	2,173	  	 	 	(13,610	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(187	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(187	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	 	$	(13,423	) 	 	$	(1,756	) 	 	$	(417	) 	 	$	2,173	  	 	$	(13,423	) 	

22

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2015
(in thousands)

 	 	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-
Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	 	Consolidated	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(9,271	) 	 	$	564	  	 	$	2,668	  	 	$	(1,924	) 	 	$	(7,963	) 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized gain (loss) resulting from changes in fair value of marketable securities	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(34	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(34	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(34	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(34	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	(9,271	) 	 	 	530	  	 	 	2,668	  	 	 	(1,924	) 	 	 	(7,997	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,308	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,308	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	 	$	(9,271	) 	 	$	530	  	 	$	1,360	  	 	$	(1,924	) 	 	$	(9,305	) 	

23

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2014
(in thousands)

 	 	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-
Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	 	Consolidated	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(13,423	) 	 	$	(1,756	) 	 	$	(604	) 	 	$	2,173	  	 	$	(13,610	) 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized gain (loss) resulting from changes in fair value of marketable securities	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(3	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(3	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	(13,423	) 	 	 	(1,759	) 	 	 	(604	) 	 	 	2,173	  	 	 	(13,613	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(187	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(187	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	 	$	(13,423	) 	 	$	(1,759	) 	 	$	(417	) 	 	$	2,173	  	 	$	(13,426	) 	

24

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2015
(in thousands)

 	  	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	  	Consolidated	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	  	$	(10,886	) 	 	$	5,604	  	 	$	(413	) 	 	$	—  	  	  	$	(5,695	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Additions to property, plant and equipment	 	 	(516	) 	 	 	(3,928	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(4,444	) 	
Payments on landfill operating lease contracts	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(478	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(478	) 	
Payments related to investments	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,555	  	 	 	(1,555	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
Proceeds from divestiture transactions	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1,050	  	 	 	3,500	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,550	  	
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	 	 	—  	  	 	 	89	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	89	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	 	 	(516	) 	 	 	(1,712	) 	 	 	1,945	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(283	) 	
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	 	 	197,573	  	 	 	18	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	197,591	  	
Principal payments on long-term debt	 	 	(186,267	) 	 	 	(233	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(186,500	) 	
Change in restricted cash	 	 	4,086	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	4,086	  	
Payments of financing costs	 	 	(6,852	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(6,852	) 	
Distributions to nonctonrolling interest holder	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,495	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1,495	) 	
Intercompany borrowings	 	 	3,707	  	 	 	(3,707	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	 	 	12,247	  	 	 	(3,922	) 	 	 	(1,495	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	6,830	  	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	845	  	 	 	(30	) 	 	 	37	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	852	  	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	 	 	1,596	  	 	 	253	  	 	 	356	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	2,205	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	 	$	2,441	  	 	$	223	  	 	$	393	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	3,057	  	

25

CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2014
(in thousands)

 	 	Parent	 	 	Guarantors	 	 	Non-Guarantors	 	 	Elimination	 	 	Consolidated	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	 	$	(5,327	) 	 	$	6,799	  	 	$	(111	) 	 	$	—  	  	 	$	1,361	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	 	 	—  	  	 	 	214	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	214	  	
Acquisition related additions to property, plant and equipment	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(79	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(79	) 	
Additions to property, plant and equipment	 	 	(256	) 	 	 	(7,221	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(7,477	) 	
Payments on landfill operating lease contracts	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(563	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(563	) 	
Payments related to investments	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(84	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(84	) 	
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	 	 	—  	  	 	 	216	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	216	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	 	 	(256	) 	 	 	(7,517	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(7,773	) 	
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	 	 	47,860	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	47,860	  	
Principal payments on long-term debt	 	 	(41,120	) 	 	 	(130	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(41,250	) 	
Payments of financing costs	 	 	(17	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(17	) 	
Intercompany borrowings	 	 	(718	) 	 	 	718	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	 	 	6,005	  	 	 	588	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	6,593	  	
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations	 	 	—  	  	 	 	86	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	86	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	422	  	 	 	(44	) 	 	 	(111	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	267	  	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	 	 	2,312	  	 	 	243	  	 	 	140	  	 	 	—  	  	 	 	2,695	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	 	$	2,734	  	 	$	199	  	 	$	29	  	 	$	—  	  	 	$	2,962	  	

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included under Item 1. In addition, reference should be made to our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing in our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended December 31, 2014 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2015.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and, in particular, this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations may contain or incorporate a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), including:
 
 	•	 	expected liquidity and financing plans;	
 
 	•	 	expected future revenues, operations, expenditures and cash needs;	
 
 	•	 	fluctuations in the commodity pricing of our recyclables, increases in landfill tipping fees and fuel costs and general economic and weather conditions;	
 
 	•	 	projected future obligations related to final capping, closure and post-closure costs of our existing landfills and any disposal facilities which we may own or operate in the future;	
 
 	•	 	our ability to use our net operating losses and tax positions;	
 
 	•	 	our ability to service our debt obligations;	
 
 	•	 	the projected development of additional disposal capacity or expectations regarding permits for existing capacity;	
 
 	•	 	the recoverability or impairment of any of our assets or goodwill;	
 
 	•	 	estimates of the potential markets for our products and services, including the anticipated drivers for future growth;	
 
 	•	 	sales and marketing plans or price and volume assumptions;	
 
 	•	 	the outcome of any legal or regulatory matter;	
 
 	•	 	actions of activist investors and the cost and disruption of responding to those actions;	
 
 	•	 	potential business combinations or divestitures; and	
 
 	•	 	projected improvements to our infrastructure and impact of such improvements on our business and operations.	
In addition, any statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this report that are not statements of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of the words “believes”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “may”, “will”, “would”, “intends”, “estimates” and other similar expressions, whether in the negative or affirmative. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate, as well as management’s beliefs and assumptions, and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. We cannot guarantee that we actually will achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements made. The occurrence of the events described and the achievement of the expected results depends on many events, some or all of which are not predictable or within our control. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
There are a number of important risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, those detailed in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended December 31, 2014 and, as applicable, those included under Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We explicitly disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law.
 
27

Company Overview
Founded in 1975 with a single truck, Casella Waste Systems, Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries, (collectively, “we”, “us” or “our”), is a regional, vertically-integrated solid waste services company. We provide resource management expertise and services to residential, commercial, municipal and industrial customers, primarily in the areas of solid waste collection and disposal, transfer, recycling and organics services. We provide integrated solid waste services in six states: Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, Massachusetts, Maine and Pennsylvania, with our headquarters located in Rutland, Vermont. We manage our solid waste operations on a geographic basis through two regional operating segments, the Eastern and Western regions, each of which provides a full range of solid waste services, and our larger-scale recycling and commodity brokerage operations through our Recycling segment. Organics services, ancillary operations, industrial services, discontinued operations, and earnings from equity method investees are included in our Other segment.
As of April 27, 2015, we owned and/or operated 35 solid waste collection operations, 44 transfer stations, 18 recycling facilities, nine Subtitle D landfills, four landfill gas-to-energy facilities and one landfill permitted to accept construction and demolition (“C&D”) materials.
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our revenues and operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 (in millions and as a percentage of revenue):

 	  	Three Months Ended March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	  	% of
Revenue	 	 	2014	 	  	% of
Revenue	 	
Revenues	  	$	116.6	  	  	 	100.0	% 	 	$	113.2	  	  	 	100.0	% 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Operating expenses:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Cost of operations	  	 	87.8	  	  	 	75.3	% 	 	 	86.4	  	  	 	76.3	% 	
General and administration	  	 	16.7	  	  	 	14.4	% 	 	 	16.4	  	  	 	14.5	% 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	13.8	  	  	 	11.9	% 	 	 	13.7	  	  	 	12.0	% 	
Divestiture transactions	  	 	(4.9	) 	  	 	(4.3	)% 	 	 	—  	  	  	 	0.0	% 	
Development project charge	  	 	—  	  	  	 	0.0	% 	 	 	1.4	  	  	 	1.3	% 	
Severance and reorganization costs	  	 	—  	  	  	 	0.0	% 	 	 	0.1	  	  	 	0.1	% 	
Expense from divestiture acquisition and financing costs	  	 	—  	  	  	 	0.0	% 	 	 	0.0	  	  	 	0.0	% 	
Gain on settlement of acquisition related contingent consideration	  	 	—  	  	  	 	0.0	% 	 	 	(1.1	) 	  	 	(0.9	)% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	 	113.5	  	 	 	97.3	% 	 	 	116.9	  	 	 	103.3	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	$	3.1	  	 	 	2.7	% 	 	$	(3.7	) 	 	 	(3.3	)% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Revenues
We manage our solid waste operations, which include a full range of solid waste services, on a geographic basis through two regional operating segments, which we designate as the Eastern and Western regions. Revenues in our Eastern and Western regions consist primarily of fees charged to customers for solid waste collection and disposal, landfill, landfill gas-to-energy, transfer and recycling services. We derive a substantial portion of our collection revenues from commercial, industrial and municipal services that are generally performed under service agreements or pursuant to contracts with municipalities. The majority of our residential collection services are performed on a subscription basis with individual households. Landfill and transfer customers are charged a tipping fee on a per ton basis for disposing of their solid waste at our disposal facilities and transfer stations. We also generate and sell electricity at certain of our landfill facilities. In addition, revenues from our Recycling segment consist of revenues derived from municipalities and customers in the form of processing fees, tipping fees and commodity sales. Organics services, ancillary operations, industrial services, discontinued operations, and earnings from equity method investees are included in our “Other” reportable segment.
 
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Our revenues are shown net of inter-company eliminations. The table below shows the percentages and dollars (in millions) of revenue attributable to services provided for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014:

 	  	Three Months Ended March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	 	2014	 	
Collection	  	$	53.5	  	  	 	45.9	% 	 	$	52.5	  	  	 	46.4	% 	
Disposal	  	 	27.6	  	  	 	23.7	% 	 	 	24.1	  	  	 	21.3	% 	
Power generation	  	 	2.1	  	  	 	1.8	% 	 	 	3.3	  	  	 	2.9	% 	
Processing	  	 	1.1	  	  	 	0.9	% 	 	 	1.7	  	  	 	1.5	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Solid waste operations	 	 	84.3	  	 	 	72.3	% 	 	 	81.6	  	 	 	72.1	% 	
Organics	 	 	9.0	  	 	 	7.7	% 	 	 	9.3	  	 	 	8.2	% 	
Customer solutions	 	 	13.0	  	 	 	11.2	% 	 	 	11.9	  	 	 	10.5	% 	
Recycling	 	 	10.3	  	 	 	8.8	% 	 	 	10.4	  	 	 	9.2	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total revenues	 	$	116.6	  	 	 	100.0	% 	 	$	113.2	  	 	 	100.0	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Our revenues increased $3.4 million, or 3.0%, during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The following table provides details associated with the period-to-period change in revenues (in millions) attributable to services provided:

 	 	Period-to-Period	 	
 	 	Change for the Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 2015 vs . 2014	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	% of Growth	 	
Solid Waste Operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Price	 	$	1.3	  	 	 	1.1	% 	
Volume	 	 	2.9	  	 	 	2.6	% 	
Commodity price & volume	 	 	(1.4	) 	 	 	(1.2	)% 	
Acquisitions & divestitures	 	 	0.4	  	 	 	0.4	% 	
Closed landfill	 	 	(0.3	) 	 	 	(0.3	)% 	
Fuel and oil recovery fee	 	 	(0.2	) 	 	 	(0.2	)% 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total solid waste	 	 	2.7	  	 	 	2.4	% 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Organics	 	 	(0.3	) 	 	 	(0.3	)% 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Customer solutions	 	 	1.1	  	 	 	1.0	% 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Recycling Operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commodity price	 	 	(1.7	) 	 	 	(1.5	)% 	
Commodity volume	 	 	1.6	  	 	 	1.4	% 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total recycling	 	 	(0.1	) 	 	 	(0.1	)% 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	3.4	  	 	 	3.0	% 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Solid waste revenues
Price.
 
 	•	 	The price change component in quarterly total solid waste revenues growth period is the result of $1.1 million from favorable collection pricing and $0.2 million from favorable disposal pricing associated with our landfills, transfer stations and transportation.	
 
29

Volume.
 
 	•	 	The volume change component in quarterly total solid waste revenues growth is the result of $3.3 million from disposal volume increases (of which $1.5 million relates to higher transfer station volumes associated with a mix shift from landfills to transfer stations and two new transfer station contracts and $1.6 million relates to landfills), partially offset by $0.4 million from lower processing volumes.	
Commodity price & volume.
 
 	•	 	The commodity price and volume change component in quarterly total solid waste revenues growth is the result of $1.0 million from unfavorable energy pricing at our landfill gas-to-energy operations and $0.4 million from lower landfill gas-to-energy and processing commodity volumes.	
Acquisitions and divestitures.
 
 	•	 	The acquisitions and divestitures change component in quarterly total solid waste revenues growth is the result of increased revenues from the acquisition of two solid waste hauling operations in September and October 2014, partially offset by decreased revenues associated with shutting down the operations of Casella-Altela Regional Environmental Services, LLC (“CARES”).	
Closed landfill.
 
 	•	 	The closed landfill change component in total solid waste revenues growth is the result of our Worcester landfill in the Eastern region, which ceased operations in April 2014 in accordance with its permit.	
Fuel and oil recovery fee.
 
 	•	 	Solid waste revenues generated by our fuel and oil recovery fee program decreased in response to lower diesel fuel index prices on which the surcharge is based.	
Organics revenues
 
 	•	 	Quarterly revenues decreased as the result of lower volumes and a decline in our floating rate fuel and oil recovery fee in response to lower diesel fuel index prices on which the surcharge is based.	
Customer Solutions revenues
 
 	•	 	Quarterly revenues increased from higher volumes due to organic business growth.	
Recycling revenues
 
 	•	 	Quarterly revenues decreased as higher commodity volumes were more than offset by unfavorable commodity prices in the marketplace.	
Operating Expenses
Cost of Operations
Cost of operations includes labor costs, tipping fees paid to third-party disposal facilities, fuel costs, maintenance and repair costs of vehicles and equipment, workers’ compensation and vehicle insurance costs, the cost of purchasing materials to be recycled, third-party transportation costs, district and state taxes, host community fees and royalties. Cost of operations also includes accretion expense related to final capping, closure and post-closure obligations, leachate treatment and disposal costs and depletion of landfill operating lease obligations.
Our cost of operations increased $1.4 million, and decreased 1.0% as a percentage of revenues, for the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
The period-to-period change in cost of operations can be primarily attributed to the following:
 
 	•	 	Labor and related benefit costs increased $1.3 million due to: additional labor costs associated with higher collection and transfer station volumes in the Eastern region; processing of higher commodity volumes due to new contracts and facilities in the Recycling segment; and lower productivity as a result of prolonged inclement winter weather.	
 
30

 	•	 	Maintenance and repair costs increased $0.9 million due to: higher facility maintenance costs associated with our Recycling segment and certain of our landfills in the Eastern and Western regions, and higher fleet maintenance costs in the Western region.	
 
 	•	 	Third-party direct costs increased $0.4 million due to: higher collection and disposal volumes from organic customer growth, a new waste services contract and the acquisition of a solid waste hauling operation in the Eastern region; higher disposal volumes associated with organic customer growth, two new transfer station contracts and the acquisition of a solid waste hauling operation in the Western region; and higher commodity volumes in the Recycling segment. These cost increases were partially offset by lower commodity prices within the Recycling segment and the expiration of an out-of-market put-or-pay waste disposal contract.	
 
 	•	 	Direct operational costs increased $0.4 million due to: higher equipment rental costs and higher leachate disposal costs at our landfills. These cost increases were partially offset by lower gas treatment costs at our Juniper Ridge landfill in the Eastern region.	
 
 	•	 	Fuel costs decreased $1.6 million due to lower diesel fuel prices.	
General and Administration
General and administration expenses include management, clerical and administrative compensation and overhead, professional services and costs associated with marketing, sales force and community relations efforts.
Our general and administration expenses increased $0.3 million, and decreased 0.1% as a percentage of revenues, for the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
The period-to-period change in general and administration expenses can be primarily attributed to the following:
 
 	•	 	Bad debt expense increased $0.3 million due to higher revenues and an increase in the reserve in part due to customer specific collectability issues.	
 
 	•	 	Labor and related benefit costs increased $0.4 million due to a higher headcount, merit increases and incentive compensation.	
 
 	•	 	Other expenses decreased $0.3 million primarily due to lower overhead costs including recruitment and relocation costs.	
 
 	•	 	Professional fees decreased $0.2 million due to lower consulting and accounting fees associated primarily with the timing of various services due to a change in our fiscal year-end.	
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization includes (i) depreciation of property and equipment, including assets recorded for capital leases, on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets; (ii) amortization of landfill costs, including those incurred and all estimated future costs for landfill development, construction and asset retirement costs arising from closure and post-closure, on a units-of-consumption method as landfill airspace is consumed over the total estimated remaining capacity of a site, which includes both permitted capacity and unpermitted expansion capacity that meets our criteria for amortization purposes; (iii) amortization of landfill asset retirement costs arising from final capping obligations on a units-of-consumption method as airspace is consumed over the estimated capacity associated with each final capping event; and (iv) amortization of intangible assets with a definite life, using either a economic benefit provided approach or a straight-line basis over the definitive terms of the related agreements.
 
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The table below summarizes the components of depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenues):

 	  	Three Months Ended March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	 	2014	 	
Depreciation expense	  	$	8.3	  	  	 	7.1	% 	 	$	8.2	  	  	 	7.2	% 	
Landfill amortization expense	  	 	4.7	  	  	 	4.1	% 	 	 	4.7	  	  	 	4.1	% 	
Other amortization expense	  	 	0.8	  	  	 	0.7	% 	 	 	0.8	  	  	 	0.7	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	$	13.8	  	 	 	11.9	% 	 	$	13.7	  	 	 	12.0	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The change in the components of depreciation and amortization expense when comparing the three months ended March 31, 2015 to the same period in the prior fiscal year can largely be attributed to the following:
 
 	•	 	Depreciation expense remained consistent, with a slight increase based on the timing of capital expenditures, which impacted our depreciable asset base.	
 
 	•	 	Landfill amortization expense remained flat as higher landfill volumes in the Western region were offset by lower landfill volumes in the Eastern region associated with the closure of our Worcester landfill.	
Divestiture Transactions
Maine Energy. In the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013, we executed a purchase and sale agreement (“Agreement”) with the City of Biddeford, Maine, pursuant to which we agreed to sell the real property of Maine Energy Recovery Company, LP (“Maine Energy”) to the City of Biddeford. We agreed to sell Maine Energy for an undiscounted purchase consideration of $6.7 million, which is being paid to us in equal installments over twenty-one years. The transaction closed in November 2012. In December 2012, we ceased operations of the Maine Energy facility and initiated the decommissioning, demolition and site remediation process in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement. We have completed the demolition process, and are nearly completed with site remediation under the auspices and in accordance with work plans approved by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The time for completion of this project has been consensually extended by us and the City of Biddeford, and we expect to complete this project and transfer ownership of the real property to the City of Biddeford by summer 2015. In consideration of the fact that the project is substantially complete and based on incurred costs to date and estimates regarding the remaining costs to fulfill our obligation under the Agreement, we reversed a reserve of $1.1 million of excess costs to complete the divestiture in the three months ended March 31, 2015. As of March 31, 2015, we have accrued $0.1 million in other accrued liabilities for the estimated remaining costs to fulfill our obligation under the Agreement.
CARES and Related Transaction. CARES is a joint venture that owned and operated a water and leachate treatment facility for the natural gas drilling industry in Pennsylvania. Our joint venture partner in CARES is Altela, Inc. (“Altela”). As of March 31, 2015, our ownership interest in CARES was 51%. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810-10-15, we consolidate the assets, liabilities and results of operations of CARES into our consolidated financial statements due to our controlling financial interest in the joint venture.
In the fiscal year ended April 30, 2014, we determined that assets of the CARES water treatment facility were no longer operational or were not operating within product performance parameters. As a result, we initiated a plan to abandon and shut down the operations of CARES. It was determined that the carrying value of the assets of CARES was no longer recoverable and, as a result, the carrying value of the asset group was assessed for impairment and impaired in the fiscal year ended April 30, 2014.
We executed a purchase and sale agreement on February 9, 2015 pursuant to which we and Altela agreed to sell certain assets of the CARES water treatment facility to an unrelated third-party. We sold these assets of CARES for purchase consideration of $3.5 million, resulting in a gain of $2.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015, 52.0% of which was attributable to Altela, the noncontrolling interest holder. As of March 31, 2015, we were proceeding with dissolution of CARES in accordance with the CARES Limited Liability Company Agreement.
In connection with this transaction, we also sold certain of our equipment and real estate to the same buyer for total consideration of $1.1 million, resulting in a gain of $0.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015.
Development Project Charge
In the three months ended March 31, 2014, we recorded charges of $1.4 million for deferred costs associated with a gas pipeline development project in Maine no longer deemed viable.
As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had no deferred costs associated with development projects included in other non-current assets within our consolidated balance sheets.
 
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Gain on Settlement of Acquisition Related Contingent Consideration
In the three months ended March 31, 2014, we recovered a portion of the purchase price holdback amount we had previously paid and were relieved of any potential contingent consideration obligation associated with the acquisition of an industrial service management business. As a result, we recorded a $1.1 million gain on settlement of acquisition related contingent consideration in the three months ended March 31, 2014.
Other Expenses
Interest Expense, net
Our interest expense, net increased $0.5 million due to higher average debt balances combined with changes to our capitalization structure associated with various tax exempt debt borrowings, the issuance of additional 7.75% senior subordinated notes due February 15, 2019 (“2019 Notes”) and the refinancing of our senior revolving credit and letter of credit facility that was due March 18, 2016 (“Senior Credit Facility”).
Loss on Sale of Equity Method Investment
In December 2013, we sold our 50% membership interest in US GreenFiber LLC (“GreenFiber). As a result of the sale of our 50% membership interest in GreenFiber, we recorded a gain on sale of equity method investment of $0.8 million in December 2013. This included a working capital adjustment to the purchase price that was finalized upon closing the transaction in January 2014. As a result of the change in working capital adjustment, we recorded a loss on sale of equity method investment of $0.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2014.
Loss on Derivative Instruments
We are party to an interest rate derivative agreement for an interest rate swap that is not considered to be an effective cash flow hedge. We recognize the change in fair value of the interest rate swap along with any cash settlements through earnings as a (gain) or loss on derivative instruments.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes increased $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior year. The provisions for income taxes for both periods include $0.2 million deferred tax provisions due to the increase in the deferred tax liability for indefinite lived assets. Since we cannot determine when the deferred tax liability related to indefinite lived assets will reverse, this amount cannot be used as a future source of taxable income against which to benefit deferred tax assets.
During the fiscal year ended April 2013, we reached a settlement with the New York State in connection with the State’s audit of our tax returns for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2004 through 2010. The State had alleged that we were not permitted to file a single combined corporation franchise tax return with our subsidiaries. The settlement represented less than 8% of the total cumulative liability, and we settled in order to minimize the out-of-pocket costs related to ongoing litigation. Subsequent to the settlement of that audit, the State began an audit of the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011 through 2013 and has raised the same issue. We continue to believe that our position related to the filing of the New York returns is correct, and, based on the prior settlement and subsequent favorable litigation related to similar issues, we concluded at December 31, 2014 that no reserve would be required for New York filings. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, as a result of discussion with New York State, we have determined that we would be willing to settle the subsequent years’ audits on a basis similar to the prior settlement. As a result these discussions, as well as a net unfavorable reversal of a portion of other positions due to the expiration of the statute of limitations, during the three months ended March 31, 2015 we recorded an increase in its reserve for uncertain tax positions of $0.4 million. The gross increase in uncertain tax positions recorded to provision for income taxes in the quarter related to the New York settlement discussions is $0.2 million.
 
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Segment Reporting (in millions)
The table below shows for the periods indicated, revenues and operating income (loss) (dollars in millions) based on our operating segments:

 	  	Revenues	 	  	Operating Income (Loss)	 	
 	  	Three Months Ended March 31,	 	
Segment	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Eastern	  	$	33.3	  	  	$	31.3	  	  	$	(0.5	) 	  	$	(4.9	) 	
Western	  	 	49.4	  	  	 	48.7	  	  	 	5.0	  	  	 	2.6	  	
Recycling	  	 	10.3	  	  	 	10.4	  	  	 	(2.0	) 	  	 	(1.5	) 	
Other	  	 	23.6	  	  	 	22.8	  	  	 	0.6	  	  	 	0.1	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	116.6	  	 	$	113.2	  	 	$	3.1	  	 	$	(3.7	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Eastern Region
Our Eastern region revenues increased $2.0 million, or 6.4%, during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
The following table provides details associated with the period-to-period change in revenues (dollars in millions):

 	  	Period-to-Period	 	
 	  	Change for the Three Months Ended	 	
 	  	March 31, 2015 vs . 2014	 	
Eastern Region	  	Amount	 	  	% of Growth	 	
Price	  	$	0.6	  	  	 	1.9	% 	
Volume	  	 	1.4	  	  	 	4.5	% 	
Commodity price & volume	  	 	(0.1	) 	  	 	(0.3	)% 	
Acquisitions & divestitures	  	 	0.4	  	  	 	1.3	% 	
Closed landfill	  	 	(0.3	) 	  	 	(1.0	)% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total solid waste	 	$	2.0	  	 	 	6.4	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Price.
 
•	 	The price change component in Eastern region quarterly solid waste revenues growth is the result of $0.5 million from favorable collection pricing and $0.1 million from favorable disposal pricing related to landfills.	
Volume.
 
•	 	The volume change component in quarterly Eastern region solid waste revenues growth is the result of $0.9 million from higher disposal volumes (which includes a mix shift in volumes from landfills to transfer stations) and $0.5 million from higher collection volumes.	
Commodity price & volume.
 
•	 	The commodity price and volume change component in quarterly Eastern region solid waste revenues growth is the result $0.1 million from lower landfill gas-to-energy commodity volumes.	
Acquisitions and divestitures.
 
•	 	The acquisitions and divestitures change component in quarterly Eastern region solid waste revenues growth is the result of increased revenues from the acquisition of a solid waste hauling operation in October 2014.	
Closed landfill.
 
•	 	The closed landfill change component in quarterly Eastern region solid waste revenues growth is the result of a landfill in the Eastern region that ceased operations in April 2014 in accordance with its permit.	
 
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Eastern region operating loss decreased $4.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This improvement is largely attributable to revenue growth outlined above and the following cost changes:
 
 	•	 	Cost of operations: Cost of operations decreased by $1.1 due primarily to lower diesel fuel prices, lower gas treatment costs at our Juniper Ridge landfill, and the expiration of an out-of-market put-or-pay waste disposal contract.	
 
 	•	 	Other: Other charges resulting in the improvement include a $1.1 million gain related to lower than expected costs to complete the Maine Energy divestiture in the three months ended March 31, 2015 and a $1.4 million write off of deferred costs associated with a gas pipeline development project no longer deemed to be viable in the three months ended March 31, 2014.	
Western Region
Our Western region revenues increased $0.7 million, or 1.4%, during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
The following table provides details associated with the period-to-period change in revenues (dollars in millions):

 	  	Period-to-Period	 	
 	  	Change for the Three Months Ended	 	
 	  	March 31, 2015 vs . 2014	 	
Western Region	  	Amount	 	  	% of Growth	 	
Price	  	$	0.7	  	  	 	1.4	% 	
Volume	  	 	1.6	  	  	 	3.3	% 	
Fuel and oil recovery fee	  	 	(0.2	) 	  	 	(0.4	)% 	
Commodity price & volume	  	 	(1.4	) 	  	 	(2.9	)% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total solid waste	 	$	0.7	  	 	 	1.4	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Price.
 
 	•	 	The price change component in quarterly Western region solid waste revenues growth is the result of favorable collection pricing.	
Volume.
 
 	•	 	The volume change component in quarterly Western region solid waste revenues growth is the result of $2.5 million from higher disposal volumes (of which $1.8 million relates to higher landfill volumes and $0.5 million relates to higher transfer station volumes associated with two new transfer station contracts), partially offset by $0.6 million from lower collection volumes and $0.3 million from lower processing volumes.	
Fuel and oil recovery fee.
 
 	•	 	Quarterly Western region solid waste revenues decreased as the result of a decline in our floating rate fuel and oil recovery fee in response to lower diesel fuel index prices on which the surcharge is based.	
Commodity price and volume.
 
 	•	 	The commodity price and volume change component in quarterly Western region solid waste revenues growth is the result of unfavorable energy pricing within our landfill gas-to-energy operations and lower landfill gas-to-energy and processing commodity volumes.	
Western region operating income increased $2.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This improvement is largely attributable to revenue growth outlined above and the following cost changes:
 
 	•	 	Cost of operations: Cost of operations increased by $0.3 million due to: higher disposal volumes associated with organic customer growth, two new transfer station contracts and the acquisition of a solid waste hauling operation; higher equipment rental costs; higher leachate disposal costs at various landfills; higher facility maintenance costs associated with certain of our landfills; and higher fleet and maintenance costs. Increased costs were partially offset by lower diesel fuel prices.	
 
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 	•	 	General and administration: General and administration costs increased by $0.5 million due to a higher bad debt expense associated with an increase in the reserve for a specific landfill customer and higher personnel related overhead costs.	
 
 	•	 	Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization increased $0.2 million due to an increase in landfill amortization associated with higher landfill volumes at our Western region landfills.	
 
 	•	 	Other: We recorded a $3.8 million gain associated with the disposal of certain assets of the CARES water treatment facility and certain of our equipment and real estate in a related transaction.	
Recycling
Recycling revenues decreased $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease in recycling revenues is the result of unfavorable commodity prices in the market more than offsetting increases associated with higher commodity volumes.
Recycling operating loss increased by $0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year as operating results were negatively impacted by unfavorable commodity prices, higher hauling and labor costs and increased facility maintenance activities.
Other
Revenues increased $0.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year largely as a result of higher volumes associated with organic business growth within our Customer Solutions business.
Operating income increased by $0.5 million when comparing the three months ended March 31, 2015 to the same period in the prior fiscal year based on the operating performance of our Customer Solutions business. Profitability in the Customer Solutions business improved as we continued to gain leverage on higher revenues and flat costs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We continually monitor our actual and forecasted cash flows, our liquidity and our capital requirements in order to properly manage our cash needs based on the capital intensive nature of our business. Our capital requirements include acquisitions, fixed asset purchases (including capital expenditures for vehicles), debt servicing, landfill development and cell construction, as well as site and cell closure. We generally meet liquidity needs from operating cash flows and borrowing from our revolving credit facility.
Financing Activities
In February 2015, we issued an additional $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2019 Notes. The additional 2019 Notes, which are both fungible and issued under the same indenture as the $325.0 million 2019 Notes previously issued, were issued at a discount of $0.5 million to be accreted over the remaining term of the 2019 Notes. On February 27, 2015, we used the net proceeds from this issuance, together with the initial borrowings under our new senior secured asset-based revolving credit and letter of credit facility (“ABL Facility”), to refinance our Senior Credit Facility.
In conjunction with the refinancing of our Senior Credit Facility in February 2015, we were also required to settle an obligation associated with an interest rate derivative agreement held with a creditor to our Senior Credit Facility. In February 2015, we made cash payment of $0.8 million to settle our obligation associated with this interest rate swap.
Outstanding Long-Term Debt
Asset-Based Lending Facility
The ABL Facility consists of a revolving credit facility with loans thereunder being available up to an aggregate principal amount of $190.0 million, subject to availability under a borrowing base formula as defined in the ABL Facility agreement. We have the right to request, at our discretion, an increase in the amount of loans under the ABL
 
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facility by an aggregate amount of $100.0 million, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the ABL Facility agreement. Interest accrues at LIBOR plus between 1.75% and 2.50%, subject to the terms of the ABL Facility agreement and is set at LIBOR plus 2.25% as of March 31, 2015. The ABL Facility matures on February 26, 2020. If we fail to refinance the 2019 Notes on or before November 16, 2018, the maturity date of the ABL Facility shall be November 16, 2018. The ABL Facility is guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries.
The ABL Facility agreement requires us to maintain minimum consolidated EBITDA for the twelve months preceding the measurement date measured at the end of each fiscal quarter. As of March 31, 2015, we were in compliance with the minimum consolidated EBITDA financial covenant contained in the ABL Facility agreement as follows (in millions):

 	  	 	 	  	Covenant	 	
 	  	Twelve Months Ended	 	  	Requirements at	 	
Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility Financial Covenants	  	March 31, 2015	 	  	March 31, 2015	 	
Minimum consolidated EBITDA (1)	  	$	100.9	  	  	$	75.0 Min.	  	
 
(1)	Minimum consolidated EBITDA is based on operating results for the twelve months preceding the measurement date, March 31, 2015. Based on the minimum consolidated EBITDA, our consolidated leverage ratio, as defined in the ABL Facility agreement, was 5.4 as of March 31, 2015. A reconciliation of net cash (used in) provided by operating activities to minimum consolidated EBITDA is as follows (in millions):	

 	 	Twelve Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 2015	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	$	55.1	  	
 	 	
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures	 	 	5.1	  	
Divestiture transactions	 	 	5.5	  	
Gain on sale of property and equipment	 	 	0.3	  	
Loss on debt extinguishment	 	 	(0.5	) 	
Asset impairment charge	 	 	(7.5	) 	
Stock based compensation and related severance expense, net of excess tax benefit	 	 	(2.4	) 	
Impairment of investments	 	 	(2.3	) 	
Loss on derivative instruments	 	 	(0.6	) 	
Interest expense, less discount on long-term debt	 	 	38.7	  	
Provision for income taxes, net of deferred taxes	 	 	0.8	  	
EBITDA adjustment as allowed by asset-based revolving credit facility agreement	 	 	4.2	  	
Other adjustments as allowed by the ABL Facility agreement	 	 	4.5	  	
 	 	 	 	 	
Minimum consolidated EBITDA	 	$	100.9	  	
 	 	 	 	 	
If the borrowing availability is less than a minimum availability threshold determined in accordance with the ABL Facility agreement, we are then subject to additional financial ratio covenants. As of March 31, 2015, our borrowing availability was greater than the minimum availability threshold as follows (in millions):

 	  	 	 	  	Minimum	 	
 	  	 	 	  	Availability	 	
 	  	Amount	 	  	Threshold	 	
Availability (2)	  	$	33.2	  	  	$	23.8	  	
 
(2)	As of March 31, 2015, borrowing availability was calculated as a borrowing base of $143.2 million, less revolver borrowings of $83.1 million, less outstanding irrevocable letters of credit totaling $26.9 million, at which date no amount had been drawn.	
 
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As of March 31, 2015, our additional financial ratio covenants, as defined in the ABL Facility agreement (if they would have been applicable) were as follows:

 	  	Twelve Months Ended	 	  	Limits at	 	
Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility Financial Ratio Covenants	  	March 31, 2015	 	  	March 31, 2015	 	
Minimum fixed charge coverage ratio	  	 	1.18	  	  	 	1.00 Min.	  	
Maximum consolidated first lien leverage ratio	  	 	0.86	  	  	 	2.00 Max.	  	
Based on the seasonality of our business, operating results in the winter months are generally lower than the remainder of our fiscal year. Given the cash flow impact that this seasonality, the capital intensive nature of our business and the timing of debt payments has on our business, we typically incur higher debt borrowings from the ABL Facility in order to meet our liquidity needs during this time. Consequently, our availability and performance against our financial covenants tighten during this time as well.
In addition to the financial covenants described above, the ABL Facility agreement also contains a number of important customary affirmative and negative covenants which restrict, among other things, our ability to sell assets, incur additional debt, create liens, make investments, and pay dividends. As of March 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all covenants under the ABL Facility agreement. We do not believe that these restrictions impact our ability to meet future liquidity needs.
Tax-Exempt Financings
New York Bonds. As of March 31, 2015, we had outstanding $25.0 million aggregate principal amount of New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bond Series 2014 (“New York Bonds”). The New York Bonds, which are unsecured and guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, accrue interest at 3.75% per annum through December 1, 2019, at which time they may be converted from a fixed rate to a variable rate, and interest is payable on June 1 and December 1 of each year. An additional $15.0 million aggregate principal amount of New York Bonds may be offered under the same indenture in the future. The New York Bonds mature on December 1, 2044. We borrowed the proceeds of the New York Bonds to repay borrowings under our Senior Credit Facility for qualifying property, plant and equipment assets purchased in the state of New York since June 19, 2013.
As a result of the sale of New York Bonds, we have $1.7 million of restricted cash as of March 31, 2015 that is reserved to finance certain qualified capital projects in the State of New York.
Maine Bonds. As of March 31, 2015, we had outstanding $21.4 million aggregate principal amount of Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-2 (“FAME Bonds 2005R-2”). The FAME Bonds 2005R-2, which are unsecured and guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, accrue interest at 6.25% per annum through January 31, 2017, at which time they may be converted from a fixed to a variable rate, and interest is payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The FAME Bonds 2005R-2 mature on January 1, 2025.
As of March 31, 2015, we had outstanding $3.6 million aggregate principal amount of Finance Authority of Maine Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds Series 2005R-1 (“FAME Bonds 2005R-1”). The FAME Bonds 2005R-1 are variable rate bonds secured by a letter of credit issued by our administrative agent bank and interest is payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The FAME Bonds 2005R-1 mature on January 1, 2025.
We borrowed the proceeds of the FAME Bonds 2005R-1 and 2005R-2 to pay for certain costs relating to the following: landfill development and construction; the acquisition of vehicles, containers and related equipment for solid waste collection and transportation services; improvements to existing solid waste disposal, hauling, transfer station and other facilities; other infrastructure improvements; and the acquisition of machinery and equipment for solid waste disposal operations owned and operated by us, or a related party, all located in Maine.
Vermont Bonds. As of March 31, 2015, we had outstanding $16.0 million aggregate principal amount Vermont Economic Development Authority Solid Waste Disposal Long-Term Revenue Bonds Series 2013 (“Vermont Bonds”). The Vermont
 
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Bonds, which are unsecured and guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, accrue interest at 4.75% per annum through April 1, 2018, at which time they may be converted from a fixed rate to a variable rate, and interest is payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1of each year. The Vermont Bonds mature on April 1, 2036. We borrowed the proceeds of the Vermont Bonds to repay borrowings under our Senior Credit Facility for qualifying property, plant and equipment assets purchased in the state of Vermont since October 5, 2011.
New Hampshire Bonds. As of March 31, 2015, we had outstanding $11.0 million aggregate principal amount of Solid Waste Disposal Revenue Bonds, Series 2013 issued by the Business Finance Authority of New Hampshire (“New Hampshire Bonds”). The New Hampshire Bonds, which are unsecured and guaranteed jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally by all of our significant wholly-owned subsidiaries, accrue interest at 4.00% per annum through October 1, 2019, at which time they may be converted from a fixed rate to a variable rate, and interest is payable in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The New Hampshire Bonds mature on April 1, 2029. We borrowed the proceeds of the New Hampshire Bonds to repay borrowings under our Senior Credit Facility for qualifying property, plant and equipment assets purchased in the state of New Hampshire since October 5, 2011.
Senior Subordinated Notes
As of March 31, 2015, we had outstanding $385.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2019 Notes, which will mature on February 15, 2019. The 2019 Notes accrue interest at the rate of 7.75% per annum and interest is payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year.
The indenture governing the 2019 Notes contains certain negative covenants which restrict, among other things, our ability to sell assets, make investments in joint ventures, pay dividends, repurchase stock, incur debt, grant liens and issue preferred stock. As of March 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all covenants under the indenture governing the 2019 Notes, and we do not believe that these restrictions impact our ability to meet future liquidity needs except that they may impact our ability to increase our investments in non-wholly owned entities, including the joint ventures to which we are already party.
The 2019 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by substantially all of our existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee our ABL Facility.
Summary of Cash Flow Activity
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively (in millions):

 	  	Three Months Ended March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	  	$	(5.7	) 	  	$	1.4	  	
Net cash used in investing activites	  	$	(0.3	) 	  	$	(7.8	) 	
Net cash provided by financing activities	  	$	6.8	  	  	$	6.6	  	
Net cash provided by discontinued operations	  	$	—  	  	  	$	0.1	  	
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities. Cash flows from operating activities decreased by $7.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
 
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The following is a summary of our operating cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively (in millions):

 	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31,	 	
 	 	2015	 	 	2014	 	
Net loss	 	$	(8.0	) 	 	$	(13.6	) 	
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	13.7	  	 	 	13.6	  	
Depletion of landfill operating lease obligations	 	 	1.7	  	 	 	2.0	  	
Interest accretion on landfill and environmental remediation liabilities	 	 	0.8	  	 	 	1.0	  	
Stock-based compensation	 	 	0.7	  	 	 	0.6	  	
Amortization of discount on long-term debt	 	 	0.1	  	 	 	0.1	  	
Divestiture transactions	 	 	(5.0	) 	 	 	—  	  	
Gain on sale of property and equipment	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(0.2	) 	
Development project charge	 	 	—  	  	 	 	1.4	  	
Gain on settlement of acquisition related contingent consideration	 	 	—  	  	 	 	(1.1	) 	
Loss on debt extinguishment	 	 	0.5	  	 	 	—  	  	
Loss on derivative instruments	 	 	0.2	  	 	 	0.2	  	
Loss on sale of equity method investment	 	 	—  	  	 	 	0.2	  	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	—  	  	 	 	0.2	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Adjusted net income before changes in assets and liabilities, net	 	 	4.7	  	 	 	4.4	  	
Changes in assets and liabilities, net	 	 	(10.4	) 	 	 	(3.0	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	 	$	(5.7	) 	 	$	1.4	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Our net cash flow from operating activities was unfavorably impacted $10.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 by changes in our assets and liabilities, as compared to an unfavorable impact of $3.0 million in same period in the prior fiscal year. This was primarily associated with the following:
 
 	•	 	The unfavorable cash flow impact of accounts payable increased from $3.0 million to $9.1 associated with the timing differences of payments and a higher accounts payable balance at December 31, 2014 due to increased capital expenditures.	
 
 	•	 	The unfavorable cash flow impact of accrued expenses and other liabilities increased from $5.6 million to $8.9 million due to the timing of the incentive compensation payments, the settlement of an interest rate swap and changes related to accrued capping, closure and post-closure costs.	
 
 	•	 	The favorable cash flow impact of prepaid expenses, inventories and other assets increased from $1.7 million to $4.3 million due to the timing of prepayments and other settlements.	
Net cash used in investing activities. Cash flows used in investing activities decreased by $7.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
The most significant items affecting the change in our investing cash flows are summarized below:
 
 	•	 	Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures were $3.0 million lower in the three months ended March 31, 2015 due primarily to the timing of various landfill development projects and fleet and equipment purchases.	
 
 	•	 	Proceeds from divestiture transactions. We sold certain assets of the CARES water treatment facility and other equipment of ours for cash consideration of $4.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015.	
 
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Net cash provided by financing activities. Cash flows provided by financing activities increased $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
 
 	•	 	Payments of financing costs. We had a $6.8 million increase in deferred financing cost payments related to the issuance of the additional $60.0 million of 2019 Notes and the refinancing of our Senior Credit Facility.	
 
 	•	 	Distribution to noncontrolling interest holder. We distributed $1.5 million to Altela, associated with the disposal of certain assets of CARES as a part of the continued dissolution of the business.	
 
 	•	 	Debt activity. We had both an increase in debt borrowings of $149.7 million, and debt payments of $145.3 million, associated with the issuance of the 2019 Bonds and the refinancing of our Senior Credit Facility.	
 
 	•	 	Change in restricted cash. We used $4.1 million of the restricted cash associated with the issuance of the New York Bonds to pay down ABL Facility borrowings used to finance certain capital projects in the State of New York.	
Hedging
Our strategy to hedge against fluctuations in variable interest rates involves entering into interest rate derivative agreements to hedge against adverse movements in interest rates. In the fiscal year ended April 30, 2012, we entered into two forward starting interest rate derivative agreements that were initially being used to hedge the interest rate risk associated with the forecasted financing transaction to redeem our Second Lien Notes effective January 15, 2013. The total notional amount of these agreements was $150.0 million and required us to receive interest based on changes in LIBOR and pay interest at a rate of approximately 1.40%. During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2013, we dedesignated both of the $75.0 million forward starting interest rate derivative agreements and discontinued hedge accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 815-30 because the interest payments associated with the forecasted financing transaction were no longer deemed probable. We recognized a $3.6 million loss, reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, as loss on derivative instruments in fiscal year 2013 and recognize the change in fair value of the interest rate swaps along with any cash settlements through earnings as gain or loss on derivative instruments. The agreements were both scheduled to mature on March 15, 2016. However, in February 2015 we settled one of the forward starting interest rate derivative agreements for $0.8 million. As of March 31, 2015, we were not party to any interest rate swaps designated as effective cash flow or fair value hedges.
We also use a variety of strategies to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in commodity prices including entering into fixed price contracts and entering into hedges which mitigate the variability in cash flows generated from the sales of recycled paper at floating prices, resulting in a fixed price being received from these sales. As of March 31, 2015, we were not party to any commodity hedging agreements. For further discussion on commodity price volatility, see “Item 7A – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk – Commodity Price Volatility” below.
 
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Shelf Registration
We have filed a universal shelf registration statement with the SEC pursuant to which we may from time to time issue securities in an amount of up to $190.0 million after giving consideration to the $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of additional 2019 Notes we issued in February 2015 pursuant to this registration statement.
Inflation
Although inflationary increases in costs have affected our historical operating margins, we believe that inflation generally has not had a significant impact on our operations. Consistent with industry practice, most of our contracts provide for a pass-through of certain costs to our customers, including increases in landfill tipping fees and, in some cases, fuel costs. We have implemented a fuel and oil recovery fee, which is designed to recover escalating fuel price fluctuations above an expected floor. We therefore believe we should be able to implement price increases sufficient to offset most cost increases resulting from inflation. However, competitive factors may require us to absorb at least a portion of these cost increases. Additionally, management’s estimates associated with inflation have had and will continue to have, an impact on our accounting for landfill and environmental remediation liabilities.
Regional Economic Conditions
Our business is primarily located in the northeastern United States. Therefore, our business, financial condition and results of operations are susceptible to downturns in the general economy in this geographic region and other factors affecting the region, such as state regulations and severe weather conditions. We are unable to forecast or determine the timing and/or the future impact of a sustained economic slowdown.
Seasonality and Severe Weather
Our transfer and disposal revenues historically have been higher in the late spring, summer and early fall months. This seasonality reflects lower volumes of waste in the winter months because:
 
 	•	 	the volume of waste relating to C&D activities and certain special waste streams decreases substantially during the winter months in the northeastern United States; and	
 
 	•	 	decreased tourism in Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine and eastern New York during the winter months tends to lower the volume of waste generated by commercial and restaurant customers, which is partially offset by increased volume from the ski industry.	
Because certain of our operating and fixed costs remain constant throughout the fiscal year, operating income is therefore impacted by a similar seasonality. In addition, particularly harsh weather conditions typically result in increased operating costs.
Our operations can also be adversely affected by periods of inclement or severe weather, which could increase our operating costs associated with the collection and disposal of waste, delay the collection and disposal of waste, reduce the volume of waste delivered to our disposal sites, increase the volume of waste collected under our existing contracts (without corresponding compensation), decrease the throughput and operating efficiency of our materials recycling facilities, or delay construction or expansion of our landfill sites and other facilities. Our operations can also be favorably affected by severe weather, which could increase the volume of waste in situations where we are able to charge for our additional services provided.
Our Recycling segment experiences increased volumes of fiber in November and December due to increased newspaper advertising and retail activity during the holiday season.
Limitations on Ownership of Notes
Pursuant to Section 2.19 of the indenture governing the 2019 Notes and the provisions of the FAME Bonds 2005R-2, New Hampshire Bonds, New York Bonds and Vermont Bonds, no beneficial holder of the 2019 Notes, FAME Bonds 2005R-2, New Hampshire Bonds, New York Bonds and/or Vermont Bonds is permitted to knowingly acquire 2019 Notes, FAME Bonds 2005R-2, New Hampshire Bonds, New York Bonds and/or Vermont Bonds if such person would own 10% or more of the consolidated debt for which relevant subsidiaries of ours are obligated (and must dispose of 2019 Notes, FAME Bonds 2005R-2, New Hampshire Bonds, New York Bonds and/or Vermont Bonds or other debt of ours to the extent such person becomes aware of exceeding such threshold), if such ownership would require consent of any regulatory authority under applicable law or regulation governing solid waste operators and such consent has not been obtained. We will furnish to the
 
42

holders of the 2019 Notes, FAME Bonds 2005R-2, New Hampshire Bonds, New York Bonds and Vermont Bonds, in each quarterly and annual report, the dollar amount of our debt that would serve as the threshold for evaluating a beneficial holder’s compliance with these ownership restrictions. As of March 31, 2015, that dollar amount was $54.2 million.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as applicable, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, which are based on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of their evaluation form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and circumstances. Our significant accounting policies are more fully discussed in Item 8 of our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended December 31, 2014.
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of the new accounting standards adopted that may affect us, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 
ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	
Interest Rate Volatility
We had interest rate risk relating to approximately $86.7 million of long-term debt at March 31, 2015. The weighted average interest rate on the variable rate portion of long-term debt was approximately 2.6% at March 31, 2015. Should the average interest rate on the variable rate portion of long-term debt change by 100 basis points, our quarterly interest expense would increase or decrease by $0.2 million.
The remainder of our long-term debt is at fixed rates and not subject to interest rate risk.
Commodity Price Volatility
Through our Recycling operation, we market a variety of materials, including fibers such as old corrugated cardboard and old newsprint, plastics, glass, ferrous and aluminum metals. We use a number of strategies to mitigate impacts from commodity price fluctuations, such as indexed purchases, floor prices, fixed price agreements, and revenue share arrangements. As of March 31, 2015, we were not party to any commodity hedge contracts. We do not use financial instruments for trading purposes and are not a party to any leveraged derivatives.
If commodity prices were to have changed by 10% on January 1, 2015, the impact on our operating income in the three months ended March 31, 2015 is estimated by management to have been approximately $0.3 million based on the observed impact of commodity price changes on operating income margin. Our sensitivity to changes in commodity prices is complex because each customer contract is unique relative to revenue sharing, tipping or processing fees and other arrangements. The above operating income impact may not be indicative of future operating results and actual results may vary materially.
 
ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	
a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2015. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
43

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2015, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
b) Changes in internal controls over financial reporting. No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II.
 
ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	
Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of our business and as a result of the extensive governmental regulation of the solid waste industry, we are subject to various judicial and administrative proceedings involving state and local agencies. In these proceedings, an agency may seek to impose fines or to revoke or deny renewal of an operating permit held by us. From time to time, we may also be subject to actions brought by special interest or other groups, adjacent landowners or residents in connection with the permitting and licensing of landfills and transfer stations, or alleging environmental damage or violations of the permits and licenses pursuant to which we operate. In addition, we have been named defendants in various claims and suits pending for alleged damages to persons and property, alleged violations of certain laws and alleged liabilities arising out of matters occurring during the ordinary operation of the waste management business.
In accordance with FASB ASC 450-20, we accrue for legal proceedings when losses become probable and reasonably estimable. As of the end of each applicable reporting period, we review each of our legal proceedings to determine whether it is probable, reasonably possible or remote that a liability has been incurred and, if it is at least reasonably possible, whether a range of loss can be reasonably estimated under the provisions of FASB ASC 450-20. In instances where we determine that a loss is probable and we can reasonably estimate a range of loss we may incur with respect to such a matter, we record an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes our best estimate of the possible loss. If we are able to reasonably estimate a range, but no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we record an accrual in the amount that is the low end of such range. When a loss is reasonably possible, but not probable, we will not record an accrual, but we will disclose our estimate of the possible range of loss where such estimate can be made in accordance with FASB ASC 450-20.
Greenwood Street Landfill, Worcester, Massachusetts
On July 2, 2014, we received a draft Administrative Consent Order with Penalty and Notice of Noncompliance (“Draft Order”) from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (“MADEP”) alleging that a subsidiary, NEWS of Worcester, LLC, had completed substantive closure of a portion of the Greenwood Street Landfill in Worcester, Massachusetts in 2010, at an elevation exceeding the applicable permit condition. While we neither admitted nor denied the allegations in the Draft Order, a final Administrative Consent Order with Penalty and Notice of Noncompliance was executed on March 20, 2015 (“Final Order”), and we agreed to pay a civil administrative penalty in a total amount of $0.2 million. MADEP agreed that $0.1 million of that amount could be paid as a Supplemental Environmental Project for work being done by the Massachusetts Audubon Society at the Broad Meadow Brook Conservation Center & Wildlife Sanctuary in Worcester, Massachusetts, scheduled to be paid in full within a year of execution of the Final Order.
Environmental Remediation Liability
We are subject to liability for environmental damage, including personal injury and property damage, that our solid waste, recycling and power generation facilities may cause to neighboring property owners, particularly as a result of the contamination of drinking water sources or soil, possibly including damage resulting from conditions that existed before we acquired the facilities. We may also be subject to liability for similar claims arising from off-site environmental contamination caused by pollutants or hazardous substances if we or our predecessors arrange or arranged to transport, treat or dispose of those materials. The following matters represent our potential or outstanding material claims.
 
44

Potsdam Environmental Remediation Liability
On December 20, 2000, the State of New York Department of Environmental Conservation (“DEC”) issued an Order on Consent (“Order”) which named Waste-Stream, Inc. (“WSI”), our subsidiary, General Motors Corporation (“GM”) and Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation (“NiMo”) as Respondents. The Order required that the Respondents undertake certain work on a 25-acre scrap yard and solid waste transfer station owned by WSI in Potsdam, New York, including the preparation of a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (“Study”). A draft of the Study was submitted to the DEC in January 2009 (followed by a final report in May 2009). The Study estimated that the undiscounted costs associated with implementing the preferred remedies would be approximately $10.2 million. On February 28, 2011, the DEC issued a Proposed Remedial Action Plan for the site and accepted public comments on the proposed remedy through March 29, 2011. We submitted comments to the DEC on this matter. In April 2011, the DEC issued the final Record of Decision (“ROD”) for the site. The ROD was subsequently rescinded by the DEC for failure to respond to all submitted comments. The preliminary ROD, however, estimated that the present cost associated with implementing the preferred remedies would be approximately $12.1 million. The DEC issued the final ROD in June 2011 with proposed remedies consistent with its earlier ROD. An Order on Consent and Administrative Settlement naming WSI and NiMo as Respondents was executed by the Respondents and DEC with an effective date of October 25, 2013. It is unlikely that any significant expenditures relating to onsite remediation will be incurred until the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016. WSI is jointly and severally liable with the other Respondents for the total cost to remediate.
In September 2011, the DEC settled its environmental claim against the estate of the former GM (known as “Motors Liquidation Trust”) for future remediation costs relating to the WSI site for face value of $3.0 million. In addition, in November 2011 we settled our own claim against the Motors Liquidation Trust for face value of $0.1 million. These claims will be paid by GM in warrants to obtain stock of the reorganized GM. GM has issued warrants to us beginning in May 2013 and at this time there is no way to accurately estimate when the remainder of these claims will be paid. We have not assumed that any future proceeds from the sale of securities received in payment of these claims will reduce our exposure.
We have recorded an environmental remediation liability associated with the Potsdam site based on incurred costs to date and estimated costs to complete the remediation in other accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities. Our expenditures could be significantly higher if costs exceed estimates. We inflate the estimated costs in current dollars to the expected time of payment and discount the total cost to present value using a risk free interest rate of 1.7%. The changes to the environmental remediation liability associated with the Potsdam environmental remediation liability for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

 	  	Three Months Ended March 31,	 	
 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Beginning balance	  	$	5.1	  	  	$	5.4	  	
Accretion expense	  	 	0.1	  	  	 	—  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Ending balance	 	$	5.2	  	 	$	5.4	  	

ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	
Our business is subject to a number of risks, including those identified in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended December 31, 2014, that could have a material effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or liquidity and that could cause our operating results to vary significantly from period to period. As of March 31, 2015, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended December 31, 2014, except as set forth in the following paragraph. We may disclose additional changes to our risk factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.
Proxy contests threatened or commenced against us could be disruptive and costly and the possibility that activist shareholders may wage proxy contests or gain representation on or control of our Board of Directors could cause uncertainty about the strategic direction of our business.
On April 7, 2015, JCP Investment Partnership, LP notified us of its intention to nominate Brett W. Frazier, James C. Pappas and Joseph B. Swinbank for election as directors at our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in opposition to the three candidates that will be recommended for election by our Board of Directors. According to the Schedule 13D filed with the SEC by JCP Investment Partnership, LP, JCP Investment Management, LLC, JCP Single-Asset Partnership, LP, JCP Investment Partners, LP, JCP Investment Holdings, LLC, JCP Investment Management, LLC and James C. Pappas (collectively, the “JCP Group”) on April 28, 2015, the JCP Group beneficially owns approximately 5.0% of our outstanding Class A common stock. On April 29, 2015, the JCP Group filed with the SEC soliciting material under Rule 14a-12 of the Exchange Act confirming its intention to file a preliminary proxy statement and an accompanying proxy card with the SEC to solicit votes for the election of the JCP Group’s slate of three director nominees to our Board of Directors, at our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
If the JCP Group pursues a proxy contest or other actions at the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to elect directors other than those recommended by our Board of Directors, or takes other actions that contest or conflict with our strategic direction, any such actions could have an adverse effect on us because:
 
 	•	 	responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist shareholders such as the JCP Group can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, and divert the attention of our management and employees away from their regular duties and the pursuit of our business strategies;	
 
 	•	 	perceived uncertainties as to our future direction as a result of changes to composition of our board may lead to the perception of a change in the direction of the business, instability or lack of continuity which may be exploited by our competitors, cause concern to our current or potential customers, may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners and may affect our relationships with vendors, customers and other third parties;	
 
 	•	 	these types of actions could cause significant fluctuations in our company’s stock price based on temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business; and	
 
 	•	 	if individuals are elected to our Board of Directors with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively implement our business strategy and create additional value for our shareholders.	
 
ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS	
The exhibits that are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or that are incorporated by reference herein are set forth in the Exhibit Index hereto.
 
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 	 	Casella Waste Systems, Inc.	
 	 	 	
Date: May 7, 2015	 	By:	 	/s/ Christopher B. Heald	
 	 	 	 	Christopher B. Heald
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)	

Date: May 7, 2015	 	By:	 	/s/ Edmond R. Coletta	
 	 	 	 	Edmond R. Coletta
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)	
 
46

Exhibit Index

  10.1	 	Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2015, among Casella Waste Systems, Inc. (“Casella”), the subsidiaries of Casella identified therein and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the lenders party thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Casella as filed on March 3, 2015 (file no. 000-23211)).	
 	 	
  31.1 +	 	Certification of John W. Casella, Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
  31.2 +	 	Certification of Edmond R. Coletta, Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
  32.1 ++	 	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of John W. Casella, Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
  32.2 ++	 	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Edmond R. Coletta, Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
101.INS	 	XBRL Instance Document.**	
 	 	
101.SCH	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.**	
 	 	
101.CAL	 	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.**	
 	 	
101.LAB	 	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.**	
 	 	
101.PRE	 	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.**	
 	 	
101.DEF	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.**	
 
**	- Submitted Electronically Herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, (iv) Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2015, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.	
+	- Filed Herewith	
++	- Furnished Herewith	
 
47

EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, John W. Casella, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Casella Waste Systems, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 7, 2015	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ John W. Casella	
 	 	 	 	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)	

EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Edmond R. Coletta, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Casella Waste Systems, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 7, 2015	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Edmond R. Coletta	
 	 	 	 	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)	

EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Casella Waste Systems, Inc. for the period ended March 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (“Report”), the undersigned, John W. Casella, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that, to his knowledge:
(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, our financial condition and results of operations.

Date: May 7, 2015	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ John W. Casella	
 	 	 	 	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)	

EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Casella Waste Systems, Inc. for the period ended March 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (“Report”), the undersigned, Edmond R. Coletta, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that, to his knowledge:
(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, our financial condition and results of operations.

Date: May 7, 2015	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Edmond R. Coletta	
 	 	 	 	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)